”. MDN, 2 Oct. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/main. Web. 9 Feb 2022. ## Slide 226 WHATWG. “4.4.14 The main element”. HTML Living Standard, 3 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/grouping-content.html#the-main-element. Web. 9 Feb 2022. MDN contributors. “

”. MDN, 2 Oct. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/main. Web. 9 Feb 2022. ## Slide 227 WHATWG. “4.4.14 The main element”. HTML Living Standard, 3 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/grouping-content.html#the-main-element. Web. 9 Feb 2022. MDN contributors. “

”. MDN, 2 Oct. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/main. Web. 9 Feb 2022. ## Slide 229 MDN contributors. “

”. MDN, 2 Oct. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/main.html. Web. 9 Feb 2022. Deveria, Alexis [@Fyrd]. “HTML5 semantic elements”. Can I use…, https://caniuse.com/html5semantic. Web. 9 Feb 2022. ## Slide 230 Group ## Slide 234 WHATWG. “3.2.6 Global attributes”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#global-attributes. Web. 8 July 2022. MDN contributors. “Global attributes”. MDN Web Docs, 1 July 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes. Web. 8 July 2022. MDN contributors. “Using ARIA: Roles, states, and properties”. MDN Web Docs, 17 May 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/ARIA/ARIA_Techniques. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 236 WHATWG. “3.2.6 Global attributes”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/dom.html#classes. Web. 8 July 2022. MDN contributors. “class”. MDN Web Docs, 17 May 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/class. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 237 WHATWG. “3.2.6.1 The title attribute”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/dom.html#the-title-attribute. Web. 8 July 2022. MDN contributors. “title”. MDN Web Docs, 27 Apr 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/title. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 238 WebSanity. “HTML global attribute: title”. CodePen, 19 June 2020, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/dypzrw?editors=1000. Web. 6 July 2022. ## Slide 239 WHATWG. “3.2.6.1 The title attribute”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/dom.html#the-title-attribute. Web. 8 July 2022. MDN contributors. “title”. MDN Web Docs, 27 Apr 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/title. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 240 WHATWG. “3.2.6.1 The title attribute”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/dom.html#the-title-attribute. Web. 8 July 2022. MDN contributors. “title”. MDN Web Docs, 27 Apr 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/title. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 244 WHATWG. “4.4.5 The ol element”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/grouping-content.html#the-ol-element. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 245 WHATWG. “4.10.5 The input element”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/input.html#the-input-element. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 247 WHATWG. “3.2.6.6 Embedding custom non-visible data with the data-* attributes”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/dom.html#attr-data-*. Web. 8 July 2022. MDN contributors. “data-*”. MDN Web Docs, 2 Oct 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/data-*. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 249 A string is a “sequence of alphanumeric text or other symbols” Attribute values are always strings: https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#attributes ## Slide 251 WHATWG. “4.4.5 The ol element”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/grouping-content.html#the-ol-element. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 253 WHATWG. “4.4.5 The ol element”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/grouping-content.html#the-ol-element. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 255 WHATWG. “4.4.5 The ol element”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/grouping-content.html#the-ol-element. Web. 8 July 2022. WHATWG. “2.3.2 Boolean attributes”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#boolean-attribute. Web. 8 July 2022. MDN contributors. “HTML attribute reference”. MDN Web Docs, 27 Apr 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes#boolean_attributes. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 256 WebSanity. “HTML: Boolean attributes”. CodePen, 22 June 2020, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/gOPggVr?editors=1000. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 257 $ curl -s "https://html.spec.whatwg.org" | grep -C 3 "boolean\s*attribute" ## Slide 260 “There must never be two or more attributes on the same start tag whose names are an ASCII case-insensitive match for each other.” Source: WHATWG. “13.1.2.3 Attributes”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#attributes-2. Web. 8 July 2022. “duplicate-attribute: This error occurs if the parser encounters an attribute in a tag that already has an attribute with the same name. The parser ignores all such duplicate occurrences of the attribute.” Source: WHATWG. “13.2.2 Parse errors”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/parsing.html#parse-errors. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 263 MDN contributors. “Semantics”. MDN Web Docs, 7 Oct 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Semantics. Web. 8 July 2022. WHATWG. “3.2.1 Semantics”. HTML Living Standard, 29 Mar. 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#semantics-2. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 264 MDN contributors. “Semantics”. MDN Web Docs, 7 Oct 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Semantics. Web. 8 July 2022. WHATWG. “3.2.1 Semantics”. HTML Living Standard, 29 Mar. 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#semantics-2. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 274 FIXME ## Slide 275 FIXME ## Slide 278 The appearance to a viewer would be the same, but the non-semantic code on the right has a different structure (only 1 object in the document tree, not 2 as on the left) AND a different meaning (it’s not 2 paragraphs, it’s 1) ## Slide 279 The appearance to a viewer would be the same, but the non-semantic code on the right has a different structure (only 1 object in the document tree, not 2 as on the left) AND a different meaning (it’s not 2 paragraphs, it’s 1) ## Slide 285 MDN contributors. “Semantics”. MDN Web Docs, 7 Oct 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Semantics. Web. 8 July 2022. WHATWG. “3.2.1 Semantics”. HTML Living Standard, 29 Mar. 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#semantics-2. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 286 “HTML/New HTML5 Elements”. W3C Wiki, 18 Nov. 2011, https://www.w3.org/wiki/HTML/New_HTML5_Elements. Web. 4 Apr 2022. ## Slide 287 “In Finland planners are known to visit their parks immediately after the first snowfall, when the existing paths are not visible. People naturally choose desire lines, which are then clearly indicated by their footprints and can be used to guide the routing of paths.” Source: “3.3 Public Space: The Lost River Park”, found in Earls Court Project Application 1, Royal Borough of Kensington & Chelsea Cultural Strategy, June 2011, pg. 95. https://www.rbkc.gov.uk/idoxWAM/doc/Other-777167.pdf?extension=.pdf&id=777167&location=VOLUME2&contentType=application/pdf&pageCount=1. Joly, Gordon. “Two Desire Paths, Battersea Park.” Flickr, 23 Sept. 2006, https://www.flickr.com/photos/loopzilla/251134757/in/pool-desire_paths/. Web. 14 Sept. 2016. Licensed CC BY-SA 2.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/. ## Slide 288 “In Finland planners are known to visit their parks immediately after the first snowfall, when the existing paths are not visible. People naturally choose desire lines, which are then clearly indicated by their footprints and can be used to guide the routing of paths.” Source: “3.3 Public Space: The Lost River Park”, found in Earls Court Project Application 1, Royal Borough of Kensington & Chelsea Cultural Strategy, June 2011, pg. 95. https://www.rbkc.gov.uk/idoxWAM/doc/Other-777167.pdf?extension=.pdf&id=777167&location=VOLUME2&contentType=application/pdf&pageCount=1. Joly, Gordon. “Two Desire Paths, Battersea Park.” Flickr, 23 Sept. 2006, https://www.flickr.com/photos/loopzilla/251134757/in/pool-desire_paths/. Web. 14 Sept. 2016. Licensed CC BY-SA 2.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/. ## Slide 289 “In Finland planners are known to visit their parks immediately after the first snowfall, when the existing paths are not visible. People naturally choose desire lines, which are then clearly indicated by their footprints and can be used to guide the routing of paths.” Source: “3.3 Public Space: The Lost River Park”, found in Earls Court Project Application 1, Royal Borough of Kensington & Chelsea Cultural Strategy, June 2011, pg. 95. https://www.rbkc.gov.uk/idoxWAM/doc/Other-777167.pdf?extension=.pdf&id=777167&location=VOLUME2&contentType=application/pdf&pageCount=1. Joly, Gordon. “Two Desire Paths, Battersea Park.” Flickr, 23 Sept. 2006, https://www.flickr.com/photos/loopzilla/251134757/in/pool-desire_paths/. Web. 14 Sept. 2016. Licensed CC BY-SA 2.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/. ## Slide 290 Granneman, Scott. “Gus walking on a path in the Badlands”. 30 June 2007. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. ## Slide 291 Granneman, Scott. “Gus walking on a path in the Badlands”. 30 June 2007. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. ## Slide 293 Looking through your code, the semantic elements on the right would be far easier to understand Structurally & visually, the semantic elements on the right are exactly like those on the left, but they have meaning that those on the left do not ## Slide 296 FIXME:

should have

inside it ## Slide 297 WHATWG. “4.3.10 The address element”. HTML Living Standard, 3 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/sections.html#the-address-element. Web. 9 Feb 2022. MDN contributors. “

: The Contact Address element”. MDN, 21 Jan. 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/address. Web. 9 Feb 2022. ## Slide 298 Boston Consulting Group. “Careers Blog”. Boston Consulting Group, 16 Feb 2023, https://careers.bcg.com/blog. Web. 19 Feb 2023. ## Slide 300 WebSanity. “HTML: address element”. CodePen, 24 July 2020, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/jOWJZaj?editors=1000. Web. 24 July 2020. Lovecraft, H. P. “At the Mountains of Madness”. The H. P. Lovecraft Archive, 20 Aug. 2009, https://www.hplovecraft.com/writings/texts/fiction/mm.aspx. Web. 1 May 2014. ## Slide 301 WebSanity. “HTML: address element”. CodePen, 24 July 2020, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/jOWJZaj?editors=1000. Web. 24 July 2020. Lovecraft, H. P. “At the Mountains of Madness”. The H. P. Lovecraft Archive, 20 Aug. 2009, https://www.hplovecraft.com/writings/texts/fiction/mm.aspx. Web. 1 May 2014. ## Slide 302 WebSanity. “HTML: address element”. CodePen, 24 July 2020, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/jOWJZaj?editors=1000. Web. 24 July 2020. Lovecraft, H. P. “At the Mountains of Madness”. The H. P. Lovecraft Archive, 20 Aug. 2009, https://www.hplovecraft.com/writings/texts/fiction/mm.aspx. Web. 1 May 2014. ## Slide 304 WebSanity. “HTML: address element may contain additional text”. CodePen, 1 May 2014, http://codepen.io/websanity/pen/djmCE. Web. 1 May 2014. Lovecraft, H. P. “The Case of Charles Dexter Ward”. The H. P. Lovecraft Archive, 20 Aug. 2009, https://www.hplovecraft.com/writings/texts/fiction/cdw.aspx. Web. 1 May 2014. ## Slide 308 WHATWG. “4.5.2 The em element”. HTML Living Standard, 3 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-em-element. Web. 9 Feb 2022. MDN contributors. “: The Emphasis element”. MDN Web Docs, 2 Oct. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/em. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 309 WebSanity. “HTML: em element”. CodePen, 11 Sept. 2014, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/GRqwWy?editors=1000. Web. 11 Sept. 2014. ## Slide 310 WHATWG. “4.5.20 The i element”. HTML Living Standard, 3 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-i-element. Web. 9 Feb 2022. MDN contributors. “: The Idiomatic Text element”. MDN Web Docs, 2 Oct. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/i. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 311 WebSanity. “HTML: i element”. CodePen, 30 Nov 2022, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/oNLQzY?editors=1000. Web. 30 Nov 2022. ## Slide 312 WHATWG. “4.5.3 The strong element”. HTML Living Standard, 3 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-strong-element. Web. 9 Feb 2022. MDN contributors. “: The Strong Importance element”. MDN Web Docs, 2 Oct. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/strong. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 313 WebSanity. “HTML: strong element”. CodePen, 27 Apr 2014, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/VwjVpb?editors=1000. Web. 27 Apr 2014. ## Slide 314 WHATWG. “4.5.21 The b element”. HTML Living Standard, 3 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element. Web. 9 Feb 2022. MDN contributors. “: The Bring Attention To element”. MDN Web Docs, 2 Oct. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/b. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 315 WHATWG. “4.5.21 The b element”. HTML Living Standard, 3 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element. Web. 9 Feb 2022. MDN contributors. “: The Bring Attention To element”. MDN Web Docs, 2 Oct. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/b. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 316 WebSanity. “HTML: b element”. CodePen, 27 Apr. 2014, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/KKMrNE?editors=1000. Web. 27 Apr. 2014. Why is that text bold? Because it’s more important? Because it should be strongly emphasized? Or because it looks nice bold? Lovecraft, H. P. “At the Mountains of Madness”. The H. P. Lovecraft Archive, 20 Aug. 2009, https://www.hplovecraft.com/writings/texts/fiction/mm.aspx. Web. 1 May 2014. Wikipedia contributors. “Heartbleed”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 8 Feb. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heartbleed&oldid=1070692249. Web. 9 Feb. 2022. ## Slide 318 WHATWG. “4.5.5 The s element”. MDN Web Docs, 11 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-s-element. Web. 13 Feb 2022. MDN contributors. “: The Strikethrough element”. MDN Web Docs, 12 Oct. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/s. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 319 WebSanity. “HTML: s element”. CodePen, 13 July 2020, http://codepen.io/websanity/pen/xynaj. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 320 WHATWG. “4.5.22 The u element”. HTML Living Standard, 3 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-u-element. Web. 9 Feb 2022. MDN contributors. “: The Unarticulated Annotation (Underline) element”. MDN Web Docs, 2 Oct. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/u. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 321 WebSanity. “HTML: u element”. CodePen, 2 May 2014, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/YzGrqo?editors=1000. Web. 2 May 2014. ## Slide 322 Schröter, Fritz. 1945–46, https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lDHkH919w48/TavRb0BbjaI/AAAAAAAAA9k/tVqkSuW8698/s1600/POW2.jpg. Messenger, Robert. “Typewriter Book Written in US POW Camp”. oz.Typewriter: The Wonderful World of Typewriters, 18 Apr. 2011, https://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2011/04/typewriter-book-written-in-us-pow-camp.html. Web. 11 Sept. 2014. Fair use. ## Slide 323 Gerhyrah’s Rule ## Slide 326 WHATWG. “4.5.4 The small element”. HTML Living Standard, 3 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-small-element. Web. 9 Feb 2022. MDN contributors. “: the side comment element”. MDN Web Docs, 2 Oct. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/small. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 327 WebSanity. “HTML: small element”. CodePen, 30 Apr. 2014, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/yLaJJZ?editors=100. Web. 30 Apr. 2014. ## Slide 328 WHATWG. “4.5.4 The small element”. HTML Living Standard, 3 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-small-element. Web. 9 Feb 2022. was designed to allow developers to group headings together, but it is problematic; see: MDN contributors. “”. MDN Web Docs, 21 Jan. 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/hgroup. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 329 WebSanity. “HTML: h2-h6 are not subheadings 2”. CodePen, 21 Oct. 2017, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/eYzKqa?editors=1000. Web. 21 Oct. 2017. ## Slide 330 WebSanity. “HTML: h2-h6 are not subheadings 2”. CodePen, 21 Oct. 2017, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/eYzKqa?editors=1000. Web. 21 Oct. 2017. ## Slide 331 WebSanity. “HTML: h2-h6 are not subheadings 2”. CodePen, 21 Oct. 2017, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/eYzKqa?editors=1000. Web. 21 Oct. 2017. ## Slide 337 Wikipedia contributors. “Raster graphics”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 24 June 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raster_graphics. Web. 8 Jul. 2022. ## Slide 338 Enfield, Susan. “How Many Photos Will be Taken in 2022?”. Mylio, 9 Mar 2022, https://news.mylio.com/how-many-photos-taken-in-2022/. Web. 21 Feb 2023. ## Slide 339 Tonchino. “File:Vector-based example.svg”. Wikipedia, 11 Jan. 2013, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vector-based_example.svg. Web. 4 Apr 2022. Note that this is a PNG version of the SVG file. ## Slide 340 Tonchino. “File:Vector-based example.svg”. Wikipedia, 11 Jan. 2013, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vector-based_example.svg. Web. 4 Apr 2022. Note that this is a PNG version of the SVG file. ## Slide 341 Tonchino. “File:Vector-based example.svg”. Wikipedia, 11 Jan. 2013, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vector-based_example.svg. Web. 4 Apr 2022. Note that this is a PNG version of the SVG file. ## Slide 342 Tonchino. “File:Vector-based example.svg”. Wikipedia, 11 Jan. 2013, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vector-based_example.svg. Web. 4 Apr 2022. Note that this is a PNG version of the SVG file. ## Slide 343 WebSanity. “Raster vs. Vector”. CodePen, 2 July 2022, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/OJQdmdr?editors=1000. Web. 2 Jul 2022. ## Slide 344 WebSanity. “Raster vs. Vector”. CodePen, 2 July 2022, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/OJQdmdr?editors=1000. Web. 2 Jul 2022. ## Slide 345 WebSanity. “Raster vs. Vector”. CodePen, 2 July 2022, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/OJQdmdr?editors=1000. Web. 2 Jul 2022. ## Slide 347 Adobe Photoshop: https://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop.html Microsoft Paint: https://apps.microsoft.com/store/detail/paint/9PCFS5B6T72H?hl=en-us&gl=US “Paint.NET - Free Software for Digital Photo Editing”. Paint.NET, 19 Feb 2023, https://getpaint.net/. Web. 21 Feb 2023. Mueller, Gus. “Acorn 7 | Full Featured Photo Editor for the Mac”. Flying Meat, 2023, https://flyingmeat.com/acorn/. Web. 21 Feb 2023. “Pixelmator Pro”. Pixelmator, 21 Dec 2022, https://www.pixelmator.com/pro/. Web. 21 Feb 2023. “Affinity Photo – award-winning photo editing software”. Serif, https://affinity.serif.com/en-us/photo/. Web. 2 Mar 2022. ## Slide 349 Wikipedia contributors. “Vector graphics”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 26 June 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_graphics. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 351 WebSanity. “HTML - SVG example”. CodePen, 7 June 2015, http://codepen.io/websanity/pen/xGdLxJ?editors=100. Web. 4 Apr 2022. ## Slide 352 WebSanity. “SVG Yin Yang”. CodePen, 15 Jan. 2021, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/poEqPNN?editors=1000. Web. 4 Apr 2022. ## Slide 353 WebSanity. “HSL Color Wheel: Tones”. CodePen, 23 July 2020, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/QWNMRq?editors=1000. Web. 19 Feb 2022. ## Slide 354 WebSanity. “HSL Color Wheel: Tones”. CodePen, 23 July 2020, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/QWNMRq?editors=1000. Web. 19 Feb 2022. ## Slide 355 WebSanity. “Raster vs. Vector”. CodePen, 2 July 2022, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/OJQdmdr?editors=1000. Web. 2 Jul 2022. ## Slide 356 WebSanity. “Raster vs. Vector”. CodePen, 2 July 2022, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/OJQdmdr?editors=1000. Web. 2 Jul 2022. ## Slide 357 WebSanity. “Raster vs. Vector”. CodePen, 2 July 2022, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/OJQdmdr?editors=1000. Web. 2 Jul 2022. ## Slide 358 Tonchino. “File:Vector-based example.svg”. Wikipedia, 11 Jan. 2013, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vector-based_example.svg. Web. 4 Apr 2022. ## Slide 359 Tonchino. “File:Vector-based example.svg”. Wikipedia, 11 Jan. 2013, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vector-based_example.svg. Web. 4 Apr 2022. ## Slide 360 Tonchino. “File:Vector-based example.svg”. Wikipedia, 11 Jan. 2013, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vector-based_example.svg. Web. 4 Apr 2022. ## Slide 361 Tonchino. “File:Vector-based example.svg”. Wikipedia, 11 Jan. 2013, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vector-based_example.svg. Web. 4 Apr 2022. ## Slide 364 “Industry-leading vector graphics software | Adobe Illustrator”. Adobe, 20 Feb 2023, https://www.adobe.com/products/illustrator.html. Web. 23 Feb 2023. duarte.framos et al. “Draw Freely”. Inkscape, https://inkscape.org/. Web. 23 Feb 2023. “Graphic Design, Illustration and Technical Software”. CorelDRAW, https://www.coreldraw.com/en/. Web. 23 Feb 2023. “The Most Intuitive and Precise Illustration Software in the Galaxy”. Vectornator, https://www.vectornator.io/. Web. 23 Feb 2023. “Affinity Designer: award-winning graphic design software”. Serif, https://affinity.serif.com/en-us/designer/. Web. 23 Feb 2023. “Pixelmator Pro”. Pixelmator, 21 Dec 2022, https://www.pixelmator.com/pro/. Web. 21 Feb 2023. Foksa, Jarosław. “Boxy SVG Editor”. Boxy SVG, https://boxy-svg.com/. Web. 23 Feb 2023. ## Slide 365 WHATWG. “4.8.3 The img element”. HTML Living Standard, 4 Apr. 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/embedded-content.html#the-img-element. Web. 3 Apr 2022. MDN contributors. “: The Image Embed element”. MDN Web Docs, 29 Mar. 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/img. Web. 3 Apr 2022. ## Slide 367 If you are not using responsive design, & you do not specify a width & height (either using these attributes or in CSS), then your webpage will reflow the content as images load, which doesn’t look great & can be disconcerting for the user WHATWG. “4.8.3 The img element”. HTML Living Standard, 4 Apr. 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/embedded-content.html#the-img-element. Web. 3 Apr 2022. MDN contributors. “: The Image Embed element”. MDN Web Docs, 29 Mar. 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/img. Web. 3 Apr 2022. ## Slide 368 WHATWG. “4.8.4.4 Requirements for providing text to act as an alternative for images”. HTML Living Standard, 4 Apr. 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/images.html#alt. Web. 4 Apr 2022. WHATWG. “4.8.3 The img element”. HTML Living Standard, 4 Apr. 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/embedded-content.html#the-img-element. Web. 3 Apr 2022. MDN contributors. “: The Image Embed element”. MDN Web Docs, 29 Mar. 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/img. Web. 3 Apr 2022. ## Slide 369 WebSanity. “HTML: img element”. CodePen, 30 Apr. 2014, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/poEJqZ?editors=1000. Web. 4 Apr 2022. Often, but not always, goes inside an element that can hold embedded content, e.g.,
## Slide 370 WHATWG. “4.8.3 The img element”. HTML Living Standard, 4 Apr. 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/embedded-content.html#the-img-element. Web. 3 Apr 2022. MDN contributors. “: The Image Embed element”. MDN Web Docs, 29 Mar. 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/img. Web. 3 Apr 2022. ## Slide 372 WebSanity. “HTML: img with srcset attribute”. CodePen, 7 Dec. 2021, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/gOGPNwa?editors=1000. Web. 7 Dec. 2021. ## Slide 374 srcset & sizes: Deveria, Alexis [@Fyrd]. “Srcset and sizes attributes”. Can I use…, 4 Apr 2022, https://caniuse.com/srcset. Web. 4 Apr 2022. GoogleChrome. “Feature: ”. Chrome Platform Status, 9 Nov. 2020, https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/4644337115725824. Web. 4 Apr 2022. ## Slide 378 Unsplash Team. “Beautiful Free Images & Pictures | Unsplash”. Unsplash, 29 June 2020, https://unsplash.com. Web. 29 June 2020. ## Slide 379 Potschien, Denis. “Unsplash.it: Use Placeholder Photos From Unsplash.com”. Jotform, 19 Aug 2020, https://www.jotform.com/blog/unsplash-it-use-placeholder-photos-from-unsplash-com-93599/. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 380 Potschien, Denis. “Unsplash.it: Use Placeholder Photos From Unsplash.com”. Jotform, 19 Aug 2020, https://www.jotform.com/blog/unsplash-it-use-placeholder-photos-from-unsplash-com-93599/. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 381 WebSanity. “HTML: Placeholder images with Unsplash”. CodePen, 5 July 2022, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/ExEVEMo?editors=1000. Web. 5 Jul 2022. ## Slide 382 Heimlich, Russell. “Dynamic Dummy Image Generator”. Dynamic Dummy Image Generator, 19 Nov 2021, https://dummyimage.com. Web. 5 Jul 2022. ## Slide 383 Heimlich, Russell. “Dynamic Dummy Image Generator”. Dynamic Dummy Image Generator, 19 Nov 2021, https://dummyimage.com. Web. 5 Jul 2022. ## Slide 384 Wang, Phillip. This Person Does Not Exist, https://thispersondoesnotexist.com. Web. 17 Sept. 2020. ## Slide 385 Wang, Phillip. This Person Does Not Exist, https://thispersondoesnotexist.com. Web. 17 Sept. 2020. ## Slide 386 Wang, Phillip. This Person Does Not Exist, https://thispersondoesnotexist.com. Web. 17 Sept. 2020. ## Slide 387 Wang, Phillip. This Person Does Not Exist, https://thispersondoesnotexist.com. Web. 17 Sept. 2020. ## Slide 388 Wang, Phillip. This Person Does Not Exist, https://thispersondoesnotexist.com. Web. 17 Sept. 2020. ## Slide 389 Wang, Phillip. This Person Does Not Exist, https://thispersondoesnotexist.com. Web. 17 Sept. 2020. ## Slide 391 Wang, Phillip. This Person Does Not Exist, https://thispersondoesnotexist.com. Web. 17 Sept. 2020. ## Slide 392 Wang, Phillip. This Person Does Not Exist, https://thispersondoesnotexist.com. Web. 17 Sept. 2020. ## Slide 393 60%: LePage, Pete. “Images”. Google Developers, 27 October 2020, https://web.archive.org/web/20211202102738/https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/design-and-ux/responsive/images. Web. 3 December 2021. ## Slide 395 Wikipedia contributors. “GIF”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 6 December 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GIF&oldid=1058928240. Web. 7 December 2021. “Baby Run Omg GIF”. Tenor, 6 May 2017, https://tenor.com/view/baby-run-omg-oops-gif-8508999. Web. 10 Nov. 2021. ## Slide 396 Wikipedia contributors. “JPEG”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 28 November 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JPEG&oldid=1057572559. Web. 7 December 2021. ## Slide 397 Wikipedia contributors. “Portable Network Graphics”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portable_Network_Graphics&oldid=1058174006, 1 December 2021. Web. 7 December 2021. ## Slide 398 Wikipedia contributors. “Scalable Vector Graphics”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scalable_Vector_Graphics&oldid=1058807617, 5 December 2021. Web. 7 December 2021. ## Slide 399 MDN contributors. “Image file type and format guide”. MDN Web Docs, 17 Mar. 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Media/Formats/Image_types. Web. 4 Apr 2022. ## Slide 400 FIXME: add pages listing apps that support each format ## Slide 401 Google. “An image format for the Web”. Google Developers, 16 August 2021, https://web.archive.org/web/20211203115942/https://developers.google.com/speed/webp. Web. 5 December 2021. Wikipedia contributors. “WebP.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 19 November 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WebP&oldid=1056059303. Web. 3 December 2021. Deveria, Alexis. “WebP image format”. Can I use..., 1 December 2021, https://caniuse.com/webp. Web. 5 December 2021. ## Slide 402 Google. “An image format for the Web”. Google Developers, 16 August 2021, https://web.archive.org/web/20211203115942/https://developers.google.com/speed/webp. Web. 5 December 2021. Wikipedia contributors. “WebP.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 19 November 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WebP&oldid=1056059303. Web. 3 December 2021. ## Slide 403 Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong’s Ella and Louis (1956). See: Wikipedia contributors. “Ella and Louis”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ella_and_Louis&oldid=1061221899, 20 Dec. 2021. Web. 4 Apr. 2022. Radiohead’s OK Computer (1997). See: Wikipedia contributors. “OK Computer”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OK_Computer&oldid=1080957748, 4 Apr. 2022. Web. 4 Apr. 2022. Frank Sinatra’s Come Fly With Me (1958). See: Wikipedia contributors. “Come Fly with Me (Frank Sinatra album)”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Come_Fly_with_Me_(Frank_Sinatra_album)&oldid=1050650635, 19 Oct. 2021. Web. 4 Apr. 2022. ## Slide 404 Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong’s Ella and Louis (1956). See: Wikipedia contributors. “Ella and Louis”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 20 Dec. 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ella_and_Louis&oldid=1061221899. Web. 4 Apr. 2022. Radiohead’s OK Computer (1997). See: Wikipedia contributors. “OK Computer”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 4 Apr. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OK_Computer&oldid=1080957748. Web. 4 Apr. 2022. Frank Sinatra’s Come Fly With Me (1958). See: Wikipedia contributors. “Come Fly with Me (Frank Sinatra album)”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 19 Oct. 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Come_Fly_with_Me_(Frank_Sinatra_album)&oldid=1050650635. Web. 4 Apr. 2022. ## Slide 405 M. C. Escher’s Drawing Hands (1948). See: Wikipedia contributors. “Drawing Hands”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 22 Feb. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drawing_Hands&oldid=1073475238. Web. 4 Apr. 2022. Hokusai’s The Great Wave Off Kanagawa (1831). See: Wikipedia contributors. “The Great Wave off Kanagawa”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 20 Mar. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa&oldid=1078318929. Web. 4 Apr. 2022. Georges Seurat’s A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1884). See: Wikipedia contributors. “A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 27 Feb. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A_Sunday_Afternoon_on_the_Island_of_La_Grande_Jatte&oldid=1074227011. Web. 4 Apr. 2022. ## Slide 406 M. C. Escher’s Drawing Hands (1948). See: Wikipedia contributors. “Drawing Hands”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 22 Feb. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drawing_Hands&oldid=1073475238. Web. 4 Apr. 2022. Hokusai’s The Great Wave Off Kanagawa (1831). See: Wikipedia contributors. “The Great Wave off Kanagawa”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 20 Mar. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa&oldid=1078318929. Web. 4 Apr. 2022. Georges Seurat’s A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1884). See: Wikipedia contributors. “A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 27 Feb. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A_Sunday_Afternoon_on_the_Island_of_La_Grande_Jatte&oldid=1074227011. Web. 4 Apr. 2022. ## Slide 407 NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Webb ERO Production Team. “Tarantula Nebula (NIRCam Image)”. Webb Space Telescope, 6 Sep 2022, https://webbtelescope.org/contents/media/images/2022/041/01GA76MYFN0FMKNRHGCAGGYCVQ?news=true. Web. 6 Sep 2022. Public domain. ## Slide 409 Wikipedia contributors. “WebP.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 19 November 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WebP&oldid=1056059303. Web. 3 December 2021. Google. “WebP 2”. Google Git, 29 November 2021, https://chromium.googlesource.com/codecs/libwebp2/. Web. 5 December 2021. ## Slide 410 Google. “WebPShop”. Google Developers, 16 August 2021, https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/webpshop. Web. 6 December 2021. “Work with WebP files in Photoshop”. Adobe Support, 15 Nov 2022, https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/kb/support-webp-image-format.html. Web. 25 Jan 2023. ## Slide 411 WebM Project. “WebPShop”. GitHub, 26 November 2021, https://github.com/webmproject/WebPShop. Web. 6 December 2021. ## Slide 412 FIXME ## Slide 413 Wikipedia contributors. “AVIF”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 27 November 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AVIF&oldid=1057338374. Web. 7 December 2021. Archibald, Jake. “AVIF has landed”. Jake Archibald, 8 September 2020, https://jakearchibald.com/2020/avif-has-landed/. Web. 6 December 2021. ## Slide 414 Wikipedia contributors. “AVIF”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 27 November 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AVIF&oldid=1057338374. Web. 7 December 2021. ## Slide 415 Wikipedia contributors. “JPEG XL”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 3 December 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JPEG_XL&oldid=1058484706. Web. 7 December 2021. Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) committee. “Overview of JPEG XL”. JPEG, https://jpeg.org/jpegxl/. Web. 9 Feb 2022. ## Slide 416 Deveria, Alexis [@Fyrd]. “JPEG XL image format”. Can I use…, 29 Nov 2022, https://caniuse.com/jpegxl. Web. 30 Nov 2022. ## Slide 417 dah…@chromium.org. “Comment 84”, from “Issue 1178058: JPEG XL decoding support (image/jxl) in blink (tracking bug)”. Chromium Bugs, 30 Oct 2022, https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=1178058#c84. Web. 30 Nov 2022. ## Slide 418 Wikipedia contributors. “JPEG XL”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 3 December 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JPEG_XL&oldid=1058484706. Web. 7 December 2021. Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) committee. “Overview of JPEG XL”. JPEG, https://jpeg.org/jpegxl/. Web. 9 Feb 2022. ## Slide 419 Wikipedia contributors. “JPEG XL”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 31 Jan. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JPEG_XL&oldid=1069103728. Web. 9 Feb. 2022. ## Slide 421 GoogleChromeLabs. “Squoosh”. Squoosh, https://squoosh.app. Web. 6 Dec. 2021. GoogleChromeLabs. “squoosh”. GitHub, 20 October 2021, https://github.com/GoogleChromeLabs/squoosh. Web. 6 December 2021. ## Slide 422 GoogleChromeLabs. “Squoosh”. Squoosh, https://squoosh.app/editor. Web. 6 Dec. 2021. ## Slide 423 GoogleChromeLabs. “Squoosh”. Squoosh, https://squoosh.app/editor. Web. 6 Dec. 2021. ## Slide 424 GoogleChromeLabs. “Squoosh”. Squoosh, https://squoosh.app/editor. Web. 6 Dec. 2021. ## Slide 425 GoogleChromeLabs. “Squoosh”. Squoosh, https://squoosh.app/editor. Web. 6 Dec. 2021. ## Slide 428 Mondello, Francesco. “Converseen - A Free Batch Image Converter and More”. FasterLand, 14 Sep 2022, https://converseen.fasterland.net/. Web. 05 Dec 2022. ## Slide 437 Monroe, Charlie. “Permute - Media Converter for macOS”. Charlie Monroe Software, 18 Nov 2022, https://software.charliemonroe.net/permute/. Web. 05 Dec 2022. ## Slide 452 Realmac Software Limited. “Powerful Batch Photo Editor for Mac - Squash”. Realmac, 21 Nov 2022, https://www.realmacsoftware.com/squash/. Web. 05 Dec 2022. ## Slide 457 WebP: Deveria, Alexis [@Fyrd]. “WebP image format”. Can I use…, 6 Feb. 2022, https://caniuse.com/webp. Web. 9 Feb 2022. AVIF Deveria, Alexis [@Fyrd]. “AVIF image format”. Can I use…, 15 July 2022, https://caniuse.com/avif. Web. 16 July 2022. “Chrome 85: Upload Streaming, Human Interface Devices, Custom Properties with Inheritance and More”. Chromium Blog, 23 July 2020, https://blog.chromium.org/2020/07/chrome-85-upload-streaming-human.html. Web. 2 December 2021. JPEG XL Deveria, Alexis [@Fyrd]. “JPEG XL image format”. Can I use…, 29 Nov 2022, https://caniuse.com/jpegxl. Web. 30 Nov 2022. dah…@chromium.org. “Comment 84”, from “Issue 1178058: JPEG XL decoding support (image/jxl) in blink (tracking bug)”. Chromium Bugs, 30 Oct 2022, https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=1178058#c84. Web. 30 Nov 2022. ## Slide 458 MDN contributors. “: The Document Body element”. MDN Web Docs, 21 Apr 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/body. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 683 WHATWG. “4.3.8 The header element”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/sections.html#the-header-element. Web. 8 July 2022. MDN contributors. “
”. MDN Web Docs, 17 May 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/header. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 684 WHATWG. “4.3.8 The header element”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/sections.html#the-header-element. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 685 WHATWG. “4.3.8 The header element”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/sections.html#the-header-element. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 686 WebSanity. “HTML: header element”. CodePen, 7 Dec 2018, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/PoGyzq?editors=1000. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 687 WHATWG. “4.3.9 The footer element”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/sections.html#the-footer-element. Web. 8 July 2022. MDN contributors. “
”. MDN Web Docs, 17 May 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/footer. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 688 http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/sections.html#the-footer-element ## Slide 689 http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/sections.html#the-footer-element ## Slide 690 WebSanity. “HTML: footer element”. CodePen, 1 May 2014, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/oNzzRJ?editors=1000. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 691 http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/sections.html#the-footer-element ## Slide 692 WebSanity. “HTML: footer element with sections”. CodePen, 1 May 2014, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/wvzoGz?editors=1000. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 693 Deveria, Alexis [@Fyrd]. “HTML element: nav”. Can I use…, 4 July 2022, https://caniuse.com/mdn-html_elements_nav. Web. 8 July 2022. Deveria, Alexis [@Fyrd]. “HTML element: article”. Can I use…, 4 July 2022, https://caniuse.com/mdn-html_elements_article. Web. 8 July 2022. Deveria, Alexis [@Fyrd]. “HTML element: aside”. Can I use…, 4 July 2022, https://caniuse.com/mdn-html_elements_aside. Web. 8 July 2022. Deveria, Alexis [@Fyrd]. “HTML element: section”. Can I use…, 4 July 2022, https://caniuse.com/mdn-html_elements_section. Web. 8 July 2022. Deveria, Alexis [@Fyrd]. “HTML element: header”. Can I use…, 4 July 2022, https://caniuse.com/mdn-html_elements_header. Web. 8 July 2022. Deveria, Alexis [@Fyrd]. “HTML element: footer”. Can I use…, 4 July 2022, https://caniuse.com/mdn-html_elements_footer. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 695 WHATWG. “4.12.1 The script element”. HTML Living Standard, 6 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#the-script-element. Web. 7 July 2022. MDN contributors. “