Notes for HTML - Overview - Condensed By Scott Granneman & Jans Carton Find the presentation at http://www.granneman.com/presentations/ ## Slide 2 https://granneman.com/downloads/web-dev/HTML-Overview-Condensed.txt ## Slide 4 Some HTML elements are conveniences for avoiding writing CSS (e.g., , , ) or for structure (
& ) Some CSS inserts content (e.g., ::before & ::after) or modifies behavior (e.g., animate & transition) Some JavaScript modifies HTML & CSS to change meaning or presentation, not for behavior Wikipedia contributors. “Separation of concerns”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 17 June 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_concerns. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 6 WHATWG. “4 The elements of HTML”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#semantics. Web. 8 July 2022. MDN contributors. “HTML elements reference”. MDN Web Docs, 18 Feb. 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element. Web. 3 Apr 2022. ## Slide 11 WHATWG. “4.1.1 The html element”. HTML Living Standard, 29 Mar. 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#the-html-element. Web. 29 Mar. 2022. ## Slide 12 WHATWG. “4.2.1 The head element”. HTML Living Standard, 29 Mar. 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/semantics.html#the-head-element. Web. 29 Mar. 2022. ## Slide 14 WHATWG. “4.3.1 The body element”. HTML Living Standard, 29 Mar. 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/sections.html#the-body-element. Web. 29 Mar. 2022. MDN contributors. “: The Document Body element”. MDN Web Docs, 21 Apr 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/body. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 19 Granneman, Scott. Linux Phrasebook, Second Edition. Indianapolis, IN: Addison-Wesley (2016). iii, 478. ## Slide 20 Full list of metadata elements: base, link, meta, noscript, script, style, template, title. Hickson, Ian et al. “3.2.5.2.1 Metadata content”. WHATWG, HTML Living Standard, 19 Mar 2023, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/dom.html#metadata-content. Web. 19 Mar 2023. ## Slide 21 WHATWG. “4.2.5 The meta element”. HTML Living Standard, 3 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/semantics.html#the-meta-element. Web. 6 Feb. 2022. ## Slide 22 shrink-to-fit: Aderinokun, Ire. “The Problem with iOS Safari and shrink-to-fit”. bitsofcode, 5 Apr. 2016, https://bitsofco.de/ios-safari-and-shrink-to-fit/. Web. 30 Mar 2022. ## Slide 23 WHATWG. “4.2.2 The title element”. HTML Living Standard, 3 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/semantics.html#the-title-element. Web. 6 Feb. 2022. ## Slide 25 “On-Page Ranking Factors”. Moz, https://moz.com/learn/seo/on-page-factors. Web. 28 December 2021. “Title Tag”. Moz, https://moz.com/learn/seo/title-tag. Web. 28 December 2021. ## Slide 26 Granneman, Scott. “The title page of the 3rd edition of the Encyclopedia Brittanica [1797]”. Chainsaw on a Tire Swing, 4 July 2015, https://chainsawonatireswing.com/2015/07/04/title-page-of-3rd-edition-of-encyclopedia-brittanica/. Web. 21 December 2021. ## Slide 30 “Inland Bearded Dragon”. Saint Louis Zoo, 1 Feb. 2019, https://web.archive.org/web/20190201120255/https://www.stlzoo.org/animals/abouttheanimals/reptiles/lizards/inlandbeardeddragon. Web. 6 Feb 2022. ## Slide 33 WHATWG. “4.3.6 The h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, and h6 elements”. HTML Living Standard, 29 Mar. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/sections.html#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements. Web. 29 Mar. 2022. MDN contributors. “

: The HTML Section Heading elements”. MDN Web Docs, 2 Feb. 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/Heading_Elements. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 34 WebSanity. “HTML: Simple Webpage, Corrected & No Deprecations”. CodePen, 20 Dec. 2021, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/jOGwKxB?editors=1000. Web. 20 Dec. 2021. ## Slide 36 Surowiecki, James. “Content and its Discontents”. The New Yorker, 20 Oct 2014, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/10/20/content-discontents. Web. 30 Jan 2022. ## Slide 37 AllMusic. “Ben Branch & The Operation Breadbasket Orchestra Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More | AllMusic”. AllMusic, 2022, https://www.allmusic.com/artist/ben-branch-the-operation-breadbasket-orchestra-mn0000157434. Web. 30 Jan 2022. ## Slide 38 WHATWG. “4.4.1 The p element”. HTML Living Standard, 3 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/grouping-content.html#the-p-element. Web. 6 Feb. 2022. MDN contributors. “

: The Paragraph element”. MDN Web Docs, 18 Feb. 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/p. Web. 3 Apr 2022. ## Slide 39 WebSanity. “HTML: p element”. CodePen, 1 May 2014, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/zYBPmo?editors=1000. Web. 6 Feb 2022. ## Slide 41 WebSanity. “HTML: p element”. CodePen, 1 May 2014, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/zYBPmo?editors=1000. Web. 6 Feb 2022. ## Slide 42 WebSanity. “HTML: p element”. CodePen, 1 May 2014, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/zYBPmo?editors=1000. Web. 6 Feb 2022. ## Slide 43 WebSanity. “HTML: p element”. CodePen, 1 May 2014, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/zYBPmo?editors=1000. Web. 6 Feb 2022. ## Slide 47 All will validate. 1st one is best because it’s easy to scan down your code & make sure you closed all start tags. 2nd is OK if you have a very short amount of content. 3rd one is bad form & makes no sense. ## Slide 52 Christian’s Rule When you save your file in your editor with auto-formatting on, it will format like this, which you do not want ## Slide 53 Free-floating text might not go in a

 — e.g., you might use a

,

, or
  •  — but it has to go into something ## Slide 54 “4.5.27 The br element”. HTML Living Standard, WHATWG, 3 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-br-element. Web. 6 Feb. 2022. MDN contributors. “
    : The Line Break element”. MDN Web Docs, 2 Oct. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/br. Web. 3 Apr 2022. ## Slide 55 WebSanity. “HTML: br element”. CodePen, 24 Apr. 2014,https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/YzWQEE?editors=1000. Web. 6 Feb 2022. Frost, Robert. Excerpt from “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”. Poetry Foundation, 5 Feb. 2022, https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/42891/stopping-by-woods-on-a-snowy-evening. Web. 6 Feb 2022. ## Slide 58 WebSanity. “HTML: br element - problems with 2 br in a row”. CodePen, 27 June 2020, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/pogrqgv?editors=1100. Web. 6 Feb 2022. Lovecraft, H. P. Excerpt from“The Dunwich Horror”. Lovecraft Stories, http://www.lovecraft-stories.com/story/the-dunwich-horror. Web. 6 Feb 2022. FIXME change screenshots? ## Slide 59 WebSanity. “HTML: br element - problems with 2 br in a row”. CodePen, 27 June 2020, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/pogrqgv?editors=1100. Web. 6 Feb 2022. Lovecraft, H. P. Excerpt from“The Dunwich Horror”. Lovecraft Stories, http://www.lovecraft-stories.com/story/the-dunwich-horror. Web. 6 Feb 2022. ## Slide 60 “13.1.2 Elements”. HTML Living Standard, WHATWG, 3 Feb. 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#void-elements. Web. 6 Feb. 2022. MDN contributors. “Empty element”. MDN Web Docs, 7 Oct. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Empty_element. Web. 3 Apr 2022. ## Slide 61 “13.1.2 Elements”. HTML Living Standard, WHATWG, 3 Feb. 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#void-elements. Web. 6 Feb. 2022. MDN contributors. “Empty element”. MDN Web Docs, 7 Oct. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Empty_element. Web. 3 Apr 2022. For more on void elements, see our presentations Web Development: The Absolute Basics & HTML Overview in Categorization ## Slide 62 The first
    adds additional new line to the start of the paragraph, which never makes sense (if you want additional margining above a paragraph, use CSS) With thanks to the great Ogden Nash TODO: CodePen this ## Slide 63 Chris’s Rule ## Slide 64 WebSanity. “HTML: Your first webpage”. CodePen, 30 June 2022, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/yLKyxmr?editors=1000. Web. 30 June 2022. Smith, Linell Nash, editor. The Best of Ogden Nash. Chicago: Iver R. Dee (2007). 163. ## Slide 65 WebSanity. “HTML: Your first webpage”. CodePen, 30 June 2022, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/yLKyxmr?editors=1000. Web. 30 June 2022. Smith, Linell Nash, editor. The Best of Ogden Nash. Chicago: Iver R. Dee (2007). 163. ## Slide 67 WHATWG. “4.3.6 The h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, and h6 elements”. HTML Living Standard, 29 Mar. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/sections.html#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements. Web. 29 Mar. 2022. MDN contributors. “

    : The HTML Section Heading elements”. MDN Web Docs, 2 Feb. 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/Heading_Elements. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 68 WebSanity. “Setting up a WebSanity Server: Linode”. WebSanity Tech Wiki, 2 Mar. 2016. Web. 2 Mar. 2016. Muller, Britney & the MOZ staff. “On-Page SEO”. MOZ, https://moz.com/beginners-guide-to-seo/on-page-seo. Web. 13 Feb 2022. FIXME add screenshot showing accessibility ## Slide 69 WebSanity. “Setting up a WebSanity Server: Linode”. WebSanity Tech Wiki, 2 Mar. 2016. Web. 2 Mar. 2016. Muller, Britney & the MOZ staff. “On-Page SEO”. MOZ, https://moz.com/beginners-guide-to-seo/on-page-seo. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 70 WebSanity. “Setting up a WebSanity Server: Linode”. WebSanity Tech Wiki, 2 Mar. 2016. Web. 2 Mar. 2016. Muller, Britney & the MOZ staff. “On-Page SEO”. MOZ, https://moz.com/beginners-guide-to-seo/on-page-seo. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 71 WebSanity. “Setting up a WebSanity Server: Linode”. WebSanity Tech Wiki, 2 Mar. 2016. Web. 2 Mar. 2016. Muller, Britney & the MOZ staff. “On-Page SEO”. MOZ, https://moz.com/beginners-guide-to-seo/on-page-seo. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 72 WebSanity. “Setting up a WebSanity Server: Linode”. WebSanity Tech Wiki, 2 Mar. 2016. Web. 2 Mar. 2016. Muller, Britney & the MOZ staff. “On-Page SEO”. MOZ, https://moz.com/beginners-guide-to-seo/on-page-seo. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 73 WebSanity. “Setting up a WebSanity Server: Linode”. WebSanity Tech Wiki, 2 Mar. 2016. Web. 2 Mar. 2016. Muller, Britney & the MOZ staff. “On-Page SEO”. MOZ, https://moz.com/beginners-guide-to-seo/on-page-seo. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 74 WebSanity. “Setting up a WebSanity Server: Linode”. WebSanity Tech Wiki, 2 Mar. 2016. Web. 2 Mar. 2016. Muller, Britney & the MOZ staff. “On-Page SEO”. MOZ, https://moz.com/beginners-guide-to-seo/on-page-seo. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 75 WebSanity. “Setting up a WebSanity Server: Linode”. WebSanity Tech Wiki, 2 Mar. 2016. Web. 2 Mar. 2016. Muller, Britney & the MOZ staff. “On-Page SEO”. MOZ, https://moz.com/beginners-guide-to-seo/on-page-seo. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 76 WebSanity. “Setting up a WebSanity Server: Linode”. WebSanity Tech Wiki, 2 Mar. 2016. Web. 2 Mar. 2016. Muller, Britney & the MOZ staff. “On-Page SEO”. MOZ, https://moz.com/beginners-guide-to-seo/on-page-seo. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 77 WebSanity. “Setting up a WebSanity Server: Linode”. WebSanity Tech Wiki, 2 Mar. 2016. Web. 2 Mar. 2016. Muller, Britney & the MOZ staff. “On-Page SEO”. MOZ, https://moz.com/beginners-guide-to-seo/on-page-seo. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 78 WebSanity. “Setting up a WebSanity Server: Linode”. WebSanity Tech Wiki, 2 Mar. 2016. Web. 2 Mar. 2016. Muller, Britney & the MOZ staff. “On-Page SEO”. MOZ, https://moz.com/beginners-guide-to-seo/on-page-seo. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 79 WebSanity. “HTML: h1–h6 elements”. CodePen, 25 Apr. 2014, http://codepen.io/websanity/pen/ptgzc. Web. 25 Apr. 2014. ## Slide 80 WHATWG. “4.3.6 The h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, and h6 elements”. HTML Living Standard, 29 Mar. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/sections.html#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements. Web. 29 Mar. 2022. MDN contributors. “

    : The HTML Section Heading elements”. MDN Web Docs, 2 Feb. 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/Heading_Elements. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 82 Daggett, John & Myles C. Maxfield & Chris Lilley. “3.5. Font size: the font-size property”. CSS Fonts Module Level 3, 20 Sept. 2018, https://www.w3.org/TR/css-fonts-3/#font-size-prop. Web. 30 Mar. 2022. ## Slide 83 Daggett, John & Myles C. Maxfield & Chris Lilley. “3.5. Font size: the font-size property”. CSS Fonts Module Level 3, 20 Sept. 2018, https://www.w3.org/TR/css-fonts-3/#font-size-prop. Web. 30 Mar. 2022. ## Slide 84 Muller, Britney & the MOZ staff. “On-Page SEO”. MOZ, https://moz.com/beginners-guide-to-seo/on-page-seo. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 85 Butterick, Matthew. “Headings”. Butterick’s Practical Typography, 16 July 2023, https://practicaltypography.com/headings.html. Web. 1 Aug 2023. ## Slide 86 WHATWG. “3.2.5.2.4 Heading content”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#heading-content. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 87 Brealey, Richard A., Stewart C. Myers, & Franklin Allen. Principles of Corporate Finance, 10th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill (2010). 9. ## Slide 94 WebSanity. “HTML: headings create implied sections”. CodePen, 3 Aug. 2020, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/BwbYVp?editors=1000. Web. 3 Aug. 2020. ## Slide 95 WebSanity. “HTML: headings create implied sections”. CodePen, 3 Aug. 2020, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/BwbYVp?editors=1000. Web. 3 Aug. 2020. ## Slide 97 WHATWG. “4.3.6 The h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, and h6 elements”. HTML Living Standard, 29 Mar. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/sections.html#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements. Web. 29 Mar. 2022. MDN contributors. “

    : The HTML Section Heading elements”. MDN Web Docs, 2 Feb. 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/Heading_Elements. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 98 WebSanity. “HTML: h1-h6 ordering”. CodePen, 25 Apr. 2014, http://codepen.io/websanity/pen/AoapB. Web. 25 Apr. 2014. ## Slide 101 Google gives extra weight to words inside headings; Google gives no extra weight to words inside paragraphs FIXME screenshot ## Slide 102 Hickson, Ian et al. “4.3.7 The hgroup element”. WHATWG, HTML Living Standard, 19 Mar 2023, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/sections.html#the-hgroup-element. Web. 19 Mar 2023. MDN contributors. “
    ”. MDN Web Docs, 23 Feb 2023, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/hgroup. Web. 19 Mar 2023. ## Slide 103 WebSanity. “HTML: hgroup element”. CodePen, 19 Mar 2023, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/eYLLNPe?editors=1000. Web. 19 Mar 2023. ## Slide 104 WebSanity. “HTML: hgroup element, Britannica example”. CodePen, 19 Mar 2023, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/mdGGJLY?editors=1000. Web. 19 Mar 2023. ## Slide 105 WebSanity. “HTML: hgroup element, Britannica example: Live Preview”. CodePen, 19 Mar 2023, https://codepen.io/websanity/live/mdGGJLY. Web. 19 Mar 2023. ## Slide 109 WebSanity. “HTML: 3 kinds of lists”. CodePen, 27 Nov. 2021, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/bGobgBy?editors=1000. Web. 27 Nov. 2021. ## Slide 111 WHATWG. “4.4.8 The li element”. HTML Living Standard, 31 Mar. 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/grouping-content.html#the-li-element. Web. 3 Apr 2022. MDN contributors. “
  • : The List Item element”. MDN Web Docs, 7 Nov. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/li. Web. 3 Apr 2022. ## Slide 112 WebSanity. “HTML: ul, ol, & li elements”. CodePen, 26 Sept. 2019, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/xxKeLeZ?editors=1000. Web. 26 Sept. 2019. ## Slide 114 WHATWG. “4.4.6 The ul element”. HTML Living Standard, 31 Mar. 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/grouping-content.html#the-ul-element. Web. 3 Apr 2022. MDN contributors. “
      : The Unordered List element”. MDN Web Docs, 7 Nov. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/ul. Web. 3 Apr 2022. ## Slide 115 WebSanity. “HTML: ul & li elements”. CodePen, 27 Apr. 2014, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/MWeZdE?editors=1000. Web. 27 Apr. 2014. ## Slide 116 WHATWG. “4.4.5 The ol element”. HTML Living Standard, 31 Mar. 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/grouping-content.html#the-ol-element. Web. 3 Apr 2022. MDN contributors. “
        : The Ordered List element”. MDN Web Docs, 18 Feb. 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/ol. Web. 3 Apr 2022. ## Slide 117 WebSanity. “HTML: ol & li elements”. CodePen, 1 May 2014, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/dyXwxL?editors=1000. Web. 1 May 2014. Wikipedia contributors. “Gnomes (South Park)”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 20 Nov. 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gnomes_(South_Park)&oldid=1056283403. Web. 9 Feb. 2022. ## Slide 118 a (lowercase letters), A (uppercase letters), i (lowercase Roman numerals), I (uppercase Roman numerals), & 1 (Arabic numerals) WHATWG. “4.4.5 The ol element”. HTML Living Standard, 31 Mar. 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/grouping-content.html#the-ol-element. Web. 3 Apr 2022. MDN contributors. “
          : The Ordered List element”. MDN Web Docs, 18 Feb. 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/ol. Web. 3 Apr 2022. ## Slide 119 WebSanity. “HTML: ol element with reversed attribute”. CodePen, 5 Feb. 2022, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/zYPoKav?editors=1000. Web. 5 Feb. 2022. ## Slide 120 WebSanity. “HTML: ol element with start attribute”. CodePen, 5 Feb. 2022, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/zYPooYo?editors=1000. Web. 5 Feb. 2022. ## Slide 121 Deveria, Alexis [@Fyrd]. “Reversed attribute of ordered lists”. Can I use…, https://caniuse.com/ol-reversed. Web. 9 Feb 2022. ## Slide 123 WebSanity. “HTML: ol element, nested & simplified”. CodePen, 26 Dec. 2021, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/yLzPRVm?editors=1000. Web. 26 Dec. 2021. ## Slide 125 For another example, see https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/Jheac?editors=1000 ## Slide 126 WebSanity. “HTML: ol element, nested & simplified”. CodePen, 26 Dec. 2021, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/yLzPRVm?editors=1000. Web. 26 Dec. 2021. ## Slide 127 WebSanity. “HTML: ol element, nested & simplified”. CodePen, 26 Dec. 2021, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/yLzPRVm?editors=1000. Web. 26 Dec. 2021. ## Slide 128 WebSanity. “HTML: ol element, nested & simplified”. CodePen, 26 Dec. 2021, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/yLzPRVm?editors=1000. Web. 26 Dec. 2021. ## Slide 129 WebSanity. “HTML: ol element, nested & simplified”. CodePen, 26 Dec. 2021, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/yLzPRVm?editors=1000. Web. 26 Dec. 2021. ## Slide 130 WebSanity. “HTML: ol element, nested & simplified”. CodePen, 26 Dec. 2021, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/yLzPRVm?editors=1000. Web. 26 Dec. 2021. ## Slide 131 WebSanity. “HTML: ol element, nested & simplified”. CodePen, 26 Dec. 2021, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/yLzPRVm?editors=1000. Web. 26 Dec. 2021. ## Slide 132 WebSanity. “HTML: ol element, nested & simplified”. CodePen, 26 Dec. 2021, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/yLzPRVm?editors=1000. Web. 26 Dec. 2021. ## Slide 133 WebSanity. “HTML: ol element, nested & simplified”. CodePen, 26 Dec. 2021, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/yLzPRVm?editors=1000. Web. 26 Dec. 2021. ## Slide 134 WebSanity. “HTML: ol element, nested & simplified”. CodePen, 26 Dec. 2021, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/yLzPRVm?editors=1000. Web. 26 Dec. 2021. ## Slide 135 WebSanity. “HTML: ol element, nested & simplified”. CodePen, 26 Dec. 2021, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/yLzPRVm?editors=1000. Web. 26 Dec. 2021. ## Slide 136 WebSanity. “HTML: ol element, nested & simplified”. CodePen, 26 Dec. 2021, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/yLzPRVm?editors=1000. Web. 26 Dec. 2021. ## Slide 137 WebSanity. “HTML: ol elements nested”. CodePen, 27 Apr. 2014, http://codepen.io/websanity/pen/DpGHo. Web. 27 Apr. 2014. ## Slide 138 WebSanity. “HTML: ul elements nested”. CodePen, 27 Apr. 2014, http://codepen.io/websanity/pen/GthmI. Web. 27 Apr. 2014. ## Slide 140 WebSanity. “HTML: ol & ul elements nested together”. CodePen, 27 Apr. 2014, http://codepen.io/websanity/pen/mIkfw. Web. 27 Apr. 2014. ## Slide 141 Eddie’s Rule ## Slide 144 WHATWG. “13.1.4 Character references”. HTML Living Standard, 3 Feb. 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#character-references. Web. 6 Feb. 2022. MDN contributors. “Entity”. MDN Web Docs, 18 Feb 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Entity. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 145 WHATWG. “13.1.4 Character references”. HTML Living Standard, 3 Feb. 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#character-references. Web. 6 Feb. 2022. MDN contributors. “Entity”. MDN Web Docs, 18 Feb 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Entity. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 146 Wikipedia contributors. "List of XML and HTML character entity references”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 3 Apr. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references&oldid=1080815017. Web. 4 Apr. 2022. lhunt. “Character Entity Reference Chart”. W3C Public CVS Repository, 2009, https://dev.w3.org/html5/html-author/charref. Web. 4 Apr 2022. ## Slide 147 WHATWG. “13.1.4 Character references”. HTML Living Standard, 3 Feb. 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#character-references. Web. 6 Feb. 2022. MDN contributors. “Entity”. MDN Web Docs, 18 Feb 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Entity. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 148 Wikipedia contributors. "List of XML and HTML character entity references”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 3 Apr. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references&oldid=1080815017. Web. 4 Apr. 2022. lhunt. “Character Entity Reference Chart”. W3C Public CVS Repository, 2009, https://dev.w3.org/html5/html-author/charref. Web. 4 Apr 2022. ¶ is the pilcrow, or paragraph sign ## Slide 149 WebSanity. “HTML: character entities”. CodePen, 4 Apr. 2021, http://codepen.io/websanity/pen/sypxK. Web. 4 Apr 2022. ## Slide 150 WHATWG. “13.1.4 Character references”. HTML Living Standard, 3 Feb. 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#character-references. Web. 6 Feb. 2022. MDN contributors. “Entity”. MDN Web Docs, 18 Feb 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Entity. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 151 Wikipedia contributors. "List of XML and HTML character entity references”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 3 Apr. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references&oldid=1080815017. Web. 4 Apr. 2022. ## Slide 152 The Basic Latin block, the 1st in Unicode, contains all the letters & control codes of ASCII: 128 characters, including C0 controls (e.g., null, bell, backspace, line feed, & escape), ASCII punctuation & symbols, ASCII digits, both uppercase & lowercase letters of English alphabet, & the delete control character (, 2020-08-06) “UTF-8 Browser Test for Unicode Block ‘Basic Latin’”. FileFormat.Info, https://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/block/basic_latin/utf8test.htm. Web. 5 Aug. 2020. ## Slide 153 “UTF-8 Browser Test for Unicode Block ‘Latin-1 Supplement’”. FileFormat.Info, https://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/block/latin_supplement/utf8test.htm. Web. 5 Aug. 2020. Capitalization of letters does not matter — usually all letters are capitalized, but you don’t have to ## Slide 154 ↑ is 2191 • ↬ is 21aC • ⇉ is 21c9 • ⇦ is 21e6 “UTF-8 Browser Test for Unicode Block ‘Arrows’”. FileFormat.Info, https://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/block/arrows/utf8test.htm. Web. 5 Aug. 2020. ## Slide 155 ↑ is 2191 • ↬ is 21aC • ⇉ is 21c9 • ⇦ is 21e6 “UTF-8 Browser Test for Unicode Block ‘Arrows’”. FileFormat.Info, https://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/block/arrows/utf8test.htm. Web. 5 Aug. 2020. ## Slide 156 ↑ is 2191 • ↬ is 21aC • ⇉ is 21c9 • ⇦ is 21e6 “UTF-8 Browser Test for Unicode Block ‘Arrows’”. FileFormat.Info, https://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/block/arrows/utf8test.htm. Web. 5 Aug. 2020. ## Slide 157 ↑ is 2191 • ↬ is 21aC • ⇉ is 21c9 • ⇦ is 21e6 “UTF-8 Browser Test for Unicode Block ‘Arrows’”. FileFormat.Info, https://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/block/arrows/utf8test.htm. Web. 5 Aug. 2020. ## Slide 158 ↑ is 2191 • ↬ is 21aC • ⇉ is 21c9 • ⇦ is 21e6 “UTF-8 Browser Test for Unicode Block ‘Arrows’”. FileFormat.Info, https://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/block/arrows/utf8test.htm. Web. 5 Aug. 2020. ## Slide 159 Wikipedia contributors. “List of XML and HTML character entity references”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 15 Jul. 2020, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references&oldid=967855330. Web. 6 Aug. 2020. ## Slide 160 Wikipedia contributors. “List of XML and HTML character entity references”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 15 Jul. 2020, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references&oldid=967855330. Web. 6 Aug. 2020. ## Slide 161 Wikipedia contributors. “List of XML and HTML character entity references”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 15 Jul. 2020, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references&oldid=967855330. Web. 6 Aug. 2020. ## Slide 162 WebSanity. “HTML: character entities”. CodePen, 4 Apr 2022, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/ZEpRrR?editors=1000. Web. 8 July 2022. Wikipedia contributors. “List of XML and HTML character entity references”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 15 Jul. 2020, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references&oldid=967855330. Web. 6 Aug. 2020. ## Slide 163 Wikipedia contributors. “Non-breaking space”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 19 Feb 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-breaking_space. Web. 8 July 2022. Wikipedia contributors. “List of XML and HTML character entity references”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 15 Jul. 2020, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references&oldid=967855330. Web. 6 Aug. 2020. ## Slide 164 WebSanity. “HTML: nbsp character entity”. CodePen, 5 May 2014, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/xxEzWB?editors=1000. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 165 Wikipedia contributors. “List of XML and HTML character entity references”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 15 Jul. 2020, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references&oldid=967855330. Web. 6 Aug. 2020. ## Slide 166 “Unicode Character Search”. FileFormat.Info, http://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/search.htm. Web. 6 Aug. 2020. ## Slide 167 “Unicode Blocks”. FileFormat.Info, http://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/block/index.htm. Web. 6 Aug. 2020. ## Slide 196 the blowup [@theblowup]. “Overflowing garbage can”. Unsplash, 17 Nov. 2020, https://unsplash.com/photos/t06aN6vewaQ. Web. 11 Feb 2022. Licensed from Unsplash: https://unsplash.com/license. ## Slide 213 ⌥ = Option/Alt ⇧ = Shift ## Slide 216 CSS - Typography covers a few special kinds of spaces & punctuation marks where you really need to use character entities ## Slide 218 i2 = −1 defined imaginary numbers ## Slide 219 Mooney, Kate. “The Em Dash Divides”. The New York Times (August 14, 2019). https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/14/style/em-dash-punctuation.html. ## Slide 220 Minus sign is slightly thinner than en dash & has a sliver of space between itself & adjacent characters ## Slide 223 WHATWG. “4.4.2 The hr element”. HTML Living Standard, 11 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/grouping-content.html#the-hr-element. Web. 13 Feb 2022. MDN contributors. “
          : The Thematic Break (Horizontal Rule) element”. MDN Web Docs, 2 Oct. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/hr. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 224 WebSanity. “HTML: hr element”. CodePen, 26 Apr. 2014, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/abZjgW?editors=1000. Web. 26 Apr. 2014. ## Slide 226 WHATWG. “4.4.4 The blockquote element”. HTML Living Standard, 11 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/grouping-content.html#the-blockquote-element. Web. MDN contributors. “
          : The Block Quotation element”. MDN Web Docs, 2 Oct. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/blockquote. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 227 WebSanity. “HTML: blockquote element”. CodePen, 3 Jan. 2022, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/KKXZLXE?editors=1000. Web. 3 Jan. 2022. ## Slide 228 WebSanity. “HTML: blockquote element”. CodePen, 3 Jan. 2022, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/KKXZLXE?editors=1000. Web. 3 Jan. 2022. ## Slide 229 There are 2 exceptions:
           (see https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/pre) &   (see Character References for more)
          
          ## Slide 230
          
          WHATWG. “4.4.14 The main element”. HTML Living Standard, 3 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/grouping-content.html#the-main-element. Web. 9 Feb 2022.
          
          MDN contributors. “
          ”. MDN, 2 Oct. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/main. Web. 9 Feb 2022. ## Slide 231 WHATWG. “4.4.14 The main element”. HTML Living Standard, 3 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/grouping-content.html#the-main-element. Web. 9 Feb 2022. MDN contributors. “
          ”. MDN, 2 Oct. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/main. Web. 9 Feb 2022. ## Slide 232 WHATWG. “4.4.14 The main element”. HTML Living Standard, 3 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/grouping-content.html#the-main-element. Web. 9 Feb 2022. MDN contributors. “
          ”. MDN, 2 Oct. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/main. Web. 9 Feb 2022. ## Slide 234 MDN contributors. “
          ”. MDN, 2 Oct. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/main.html. Web. 9 Feb 2022. Deveria, Alexis [@Fyrd]. “HTML5 semantic elements”. Can I use…, https://caniuse.com/html5semantic. Web. 9 Feb 2022. ## Slide 235 Group ## Slide 239 WHATWG. “3.2.6 Global attributes”. HTML Living Standard, 19 Mar 2023, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/dom.html#global-attributes. Web. 19 Mar 2023. MDN contributors. “Global attributes”. MDN Web Docs, 1 July 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes. Web. 8 July 2022. MDN contributors. “Using ARIA: Roles, states, and properties”. MDN Web Docs, 17 May 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/ARIA/ARIA_Techniques. Web. 8 July 2022. In April 2021, there were 27 global attributes & 63 JavaScript event handlers; as of March 2023, there were 24 global attributes & 70 JavaScript event handlers In April 2021, there were ## Slide 241 WHATWG. “3.2.6 Global attributes”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/dom.html#classes. Web. 8 July 2022. MDN contributors. “class”. MDN Web Docs, 17 May 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/class. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 242 WHATWG. “3.2.6.1 The title attribute”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/dom.html#the-title-attribute. Web. 8 July 2022. MDN contributors. “title”. MDN Web Docs, 27 Apr 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/title. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 243 WebSanity. “HTML global attribute: title”. CodePen, 19 June 2020, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/dypzrw?editors=1000. Web. 6 July 2022. ## Slide 244 WHATWG. “3.2.6.1 The title attribute”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/dom.html#the-title-attribute. Web. 8 July 2022. MDN contributors. “title”. MDN Web Docs, 27 Apr 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/title. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 245 WHATWG. “3.2.6.1 The title attribute”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/dom.html#the-title-attribute. Web. 8 July 2022. MDN contributors. “title”. MDN Web Docs, 27 Apr 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/title. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 249 WHATWG. “4.4.5 The ol element”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/grouping-content.html#the-ol-element. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 250 WHATWG. “4.10.5 The input element”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/input.html#the-input-element. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 252 WHATWG. “3.2.6.6 Embedding custom non-visible data with the data-* attributes”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/dom.html#attr-data-*. Web. 8 July 2022. MDN contributors. “data-*”. MDN Web Docs, 2 Oct 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/data-*. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 254 A string is a “sequence of alphanumeric text or other symbols” Attribute values are always strings: https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#attributes ## Slide 256 WHATWG. “4.4.5 The ol element”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/grouping-content.html#the-ol-element. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 258 WHATWG. “4.4.5 The ol element”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/grouping-content.html#the-ol-element. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 260 WHATWG. “4.4.5 The ol element”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/grouping-content.html#the-ol-element. Web. 8 July 2022. WHATWG. “2.3.2 Boolean attributes”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#boolean-attribute. Web. 8 July 2022. MDN contributors. “HTML attribute reference”. MDN Web Docs, 27 Apr 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes#boolean_attributes. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 261 WebSanity. “HTML: Boolean attributes”. CodePen, 22 June 2020, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/gOPggVr?editors=1000. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 262 $ curl -s "https://html.spec.whatwg.org" | grep -C 3 "boolean\s*attribute" ## Slide 265 “There must never be two or more attributes on the same start tag whose names are an ASCII case-insensitive match for each other.” Source: WHATWG. “13.1.2.3 Attributes”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#attributes-2. Web. 8 July 2022. “duplicate-attribute: This error occurs if the parser encounters an attribute in a tag that already has an attribute with the same name. The parser ignores all such duplicate occurrences of the attribute.” Source: WHATWG. “13.2.2 Parse errors”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/parsing.html#parse-errors. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 268 MDN contributors. “Semantics”. MDN Web Docs, 7 Oct 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Semantics. Web. 8 July 2022. WHATWG. “3.2.1 Semantics”. HTML Living Standard, 29 Mar. 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#semantics-2. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 269 MDN contributors. “Semantics”. MDN Web Docs, 7 Oct 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Semantics. Web. 8 July 2022. WHATWG. “3.2.1 Semantics”. HTML Living Standard, 29 Mar. 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#semantics-2. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 279 FIXME ## Slide 280 FIXME ## Slide 283 The appearance to a viewer would be the same, but the non-semantic code on the right has a different structure (only 1 object in the document tree, not 2 as on the left) AND a different meaning (it’s not 2 paragraphs, it’s 1) ## Slide 284 The appearance to a viewer would be the same, but the non-semantic code on the right has a different structure (only 1 object in the document tree, not 2 as on the left) AND a different meaning (it’s not 2 paragraphs, it’s 1) ## Slide 290 MDN contributors. “Semantics”. MDN Web Docs, 7 Oct 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Semantics. Web. 8 July 2022. WHATWG. “3.2.1 Semantics”. HTML Living Standard, 29 Mar. 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#semantics-2. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 291 “HTML/New HTML5 Elements”. W3C Wiki, 18 Nov. 2011, https://www.w3.org/wiki/HTML/New_HTML5_Elements. Web. 4 Apr 2022. ## Slide 292 “In Finland planners are known to visit their parks immediately after the first snowfall, when the existing paths are not visible. People naturally choose desire lines, which are then clearly indicated by their footprints and can be used to guide the routing of paths.” Source: “3.3 Public Space: The Lost River Park”, found in Earls Court Project Application 1, Royal Borough of Kensington & Chelsea Cultural Strategy, June 2011, pg. 95. https://www.rbkc.gov.uk/idoxWAM/doc/Other-777167.pdf?extension=.pdf&id=777167&location=VOLUME2&contentType=application/pdf&pageCount=1. Joly, Gordon. “Two Desire Paths, Battersea Park.” Flickr, 23 Sept. 2006, https://www.flickr.com/photos/loopzilla/251134757/in/pool-desire_paths/. Web. 14 Sept. 2016. Licensed CC BY-SA 2.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/. ## Slide 293 “In Finland planners are known to visit their parks immediately after the first snowfall, when the existing paths are not visible. People naturally choose desire lines, which are then clearly indicated by their footprints and can be used to guide the routing of paths.” Source: “3.3 Public Space: The Lost River Park”, found in Earls Court Project Application 1, Royal Borough of Kensington & Chelsea Cultural Strategy, June 2011, pg. 95. https://www.rbkc.gov.uk/idoxWAM/doc/Other-777167.pdf?extension=.pdf&id=777167&location=VOLUME2&contentType=application/pdf&pageCount=1. Joly, Gordon. “Two Desire Paths, Battersea Park.” Flickr, 23 Sept. 2006, https://www.flickr.com/photos/loopzilla/251134757/in/pool-desire_paths/. Web. 14 Sept. 2016. Licensed CC BY-SA 2.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/. ## Slide 294 “In Finland planners are known to visit their parks immediately after the first snowfall, when the existing paths are not visible. People naturally choose desire lines, which are then clearly indicated by their footprints and can be used to guide the routing of paths.” Source: “3.3 Public Space: The Lost River Park”, found in Earls Court Project Application 1, Royal Borough of Kensington & Chelsea Cultural Strategy, June 2011, pg. 95. https://www.rbkc.gov.uk/idoxWAM/doc/Other-777167.pdf?extension=.pdf&id=777167&location=VOLUME2&contentType=application/pdf&pageCount=1. Joly, Gordon. “Two Desire Paths, Battersea Park.” Flickr, 23 Sept. 2006, https://www.flickr.com/photos/loopzilla/251134757/in/pool-desire_paths/. Web. 14 Sept. 2016. Licensed CC BY-SA 2.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/. ## Slide 295 Granneman, Scott. “Gus walking on a path in the Badlands”. 30 June 2007. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. ## Slide 296 Granneman, Scott. “Gus walking on a path in the Badlands”. 30 June 2007. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. ## Slide 298 Looking through your code, the semantic elements on the right would be far easier to understand Structurally & visually, the semantic elements on the right are exactly like those on the left, but they have meaning that those on the left do not ## Slide 301 FIXME:
          should have

          inside it ## Slide 302 WHATWG. “4.3.10 The address element”. HTML Living Standard, 3 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/sections.html#the-address-element. Web. 9 Feb 2022. MDN contributors. “

          : The Contact Address element”. MDN, 21 Jan. 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/address. Web. 9 Feb 2022. ## Slide 303 Boston Consulting Group. “Careers Blog”. Boston Consulting Group, 16 Feb 2023, https://careers.bcg.com/blog. Web. 19 Feb 2023. ## Slide 305 WebSanity. “HTML: address element”. CodePen, 24 July 2020, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/jOWJZaj?editors=1000. Web. 24 July 2020. Lovecraft, H. P. “At the Mountains of Madness”. The H. P. Lovecraft Archive, 20 Aug. 2009, https://www.hplovecraft.com/writings/texts/fiction/mm.aspx. Web. 1 May 2014. ## Slide 306 WebSanity. “HTML: address element”. CodePen, 24 July 2020, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/jOWJZaj?editors=1000. Web. 24 July 2020. Lovecraft, H. P. “At the Mountains of Madness”. The H. P. Lovecraft Archive, 20 Aug. 2009, https://www.hplovecraft.com/writings/texts/fiction/mm.aspx. Web. 1 May 2014. ## Slide 307 WebSanity. “HTML: address element”. CodePen, 24 July 2020, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/jOWJZaj?editors=1000. Web. 24 July 2020. Lovecraft, H. P. “At the Mountains of Madness”. The H. P. Lovecraft Archive, 20 Aug. 2009, https://www.hplovecraft.com/writings/texts/fiction/mm.aspx. Web. 1 May 2014. ## Slide 309 WebSanity. “HTML: address element may contain additional text”. CodePen, 1 May 2014, http://codepen.io/websanity/pen/djmCE. Web. 1 May 2014. Lovecraft, H. P. “The Case of Charles Dexter Ward”. The H. P. Lovecraft Archive, 20 Aug. 2009, https://www.hplovecraft.com/writings/texts/fiction/cdw.aspx. Web. 1 May 2014. ## Slide 313 WHATWG. “4.5.2 The em element”. HTML Living Standard, 3 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-em-element. Web. 9 Feb 2022. MDN contributors. “: The Emphasis element”. MDN Web Docs, 2 Oct. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/em. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 314 WebSanity. “HTML: em element”. CodePen, 11 Sept. 2014, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/GRqwWy?editors=1000. Web. 11 Sept. 2014. ## Slide 315 WHATWG. “4.5.20 The i element”. HTML Living Standard, 3 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-i-element. Web. 9 Feb 2022. MDN contributors. “: The Idiomatic Text element”. MDN Web Docs, 2 Oct. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/i. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 316 WebSanity. “HTML: i element”. CodePen, 30 Nov 2022, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/oNLQzY?editors=1000. Web. 30 Nov 2022. ## Slide 317 WHATWG. “4.5.3 The strong element”. HTML Living Standard, 3 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-strong-element. Web. 9 Feb 2022. MDN contributors. “: The Strong Importance element”. MDN Web Docs, 2 Oct. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/strong. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 318 WebSanity. “HTML: strong element”. CodePen, 27 Apr 2014, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/VwjVpb?editors=1000. Web. 27 Apr 2014. ## Slide 319 WHATWG. “4.5.21 The b element”. HTML Living Standard, 3 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element. Web. 9 Feb 2022. MDN contributors. “: The Bring Attention To element”. MDN Web Docs, 2 Oct. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/b. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 320 WHATWG. “4.5.21 The b element”. HTML Living Standard, 3 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element. Web. 9 Feb 2022. MDN contributors. “: The Bring Attention To element”. MDN Web Docs, 2 Oct. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/b. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 321 WebSanity. “HTML: b element”. CodePen, 27 Apr. 2014, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/KKMrNE?editors=1000. Web. 27 Apr. 2014. Why is that text bold? Because it’s more important? Because it should be strongly emphasized? Or because it looks nice bold? Lovecraft, H. P. “At the Mountains of Madness”. The H. P. Lovecraft Archive, 20 Aug. 2009, https://www.hplovecraft.com/writings/texts/fiction/mm.aspx. Web. 1 May 2014. Wikipedia contributors. “Heartbleed”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 8 Feb. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heartbleed&oldid=1070692249. Web. 9 Feb. 2022. ## Slide 323 WHATWG. “4.5.5 The s element”. MDN Web Docs, 11 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-s-element. Web. 13 Feb 2022. MDN contributors. “: The Strikethrough element”. MDN Web Docs, 12 Oct. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/s. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 324 WebSanity. “HTML: s element”. CodePen, 13 July 2020, http://codepen.io/websanity/pen/xynaj. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 325 WHATWG. “4.5.22 The u element”. HTML Living Standard, 3 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-u-element. Web. 9 Feb 2022. MDN contributors. “: The Unarticulated Annotation (Underline) element”. MDN Web Docs, 2 Oct. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/u. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 326 WebSanity. “HTML: u element”. CodePen, 2 May 2014, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/YzGrqo?editors=1000. Web. 2 May 2014. ## Slide 327 Schröter, Fritz. 1945–46, https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lDHkH919w48/TavRb0BbjaI/AAAAAAAAA9k/tVqkSuW8698/s1600/POW2.jpg. Messenger, Robert. “Typewriter Book Written in US POW Camp”. oz.Typewriter: The Wonderful World of Typewriters, 18 Apr. 2011, https://oztypewriter.blogspot.com/2011/04/typewriter-book-written-in-us-pow-camp.html. Web. 11 Sept. 2014. Fair use. ## Slide 328 Gerhyrah’s Rule ## Slide 331 WHATWG. “4.5.4 The small element”. HTML Living Standard, 3 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-small-element. Web. 9 Feb 2022. MDN contributors. “: the side comment element”. MDN Web Docs, 2 Oct. 2021, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/small. Web. 13 Feb 2022. ## Slide 332 WebSanity. “HTML: small element”. CodePen, 30 Apr. 2014, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/yLaJJZ?editors=100. Web. 30 Apr. 2014. ## Slide 333 WHATWG. “4.5.4 The small element”. HTML Living Standard, 3 Feb. 2022, http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-small-element. Web. 9 Feb 2022. ## Slide 334 WebSanity. “HTML: h2-h6 are not subheadings 2”. CodePen, 21 Oct. 2017, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/eYzKqa?editors=1000. Web. 21 Oct. 2017. ## Slide 335 WebSanity. “HTML: h2-h6 are not subheadings 2”. CodePen, 21 Oct. 2017, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/eYzKqa?editors=1000. Web. 21 Oct. 2017. ## Slide 336 WebSanity. “HTML: h2-h6 are not subheadings 2”. CodePen, 21 Oct. 2017, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/eYzKqa?editors=1000. Web. 21 Oct. 2017. ## Slide 342 Wikipedia contributors. “Raster graphics”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 24 June 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raster_graphics. Web. 8 Jul. 2022. ## Slide 343 Enfield, Susan. “How Many Photos Will be Taken in 2022?”. Mylio, 9 Mar 2022, https://news.mylio.com/how-many-photos-taken-in-2022/. Web. 21 Feb 2023. ## Slide 344 Tonchino. “File:Vector-based example.svg”. Wikipedia, 11 Jan. 2013, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vector-based_example.svg. Web. 4 Apr 2022. Note that this is a PNG version of the SVG file. ## Slide 345 Tonchino. “File:Vector-based example.svg”. Wikipedia, 11 Jan. 2013, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vector-based_example.svg. Web. 4 Apr 2022. Note that this is a PNG version of the SVG file. ## Slide 346 Tonchino. “File:Vector-based example.svg”. Wikipedia, 11 Jan. 2013, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vector-based_example.svg. Web. 4 Apr 2022. Note that this is a PNG version of the SVG file. ## Slide 347 Tonchino. “File:Vector-based example.svg”. Wikipedia, 11 Jan. 2013, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vector-based_example.svg. Web. 4 Apr 2022. Note that this is a PNG version of the SVG file. ## Slide 348 WebSanity. “Raster vs. Vector”. CodePen, 2 July 2022, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/OJQdmdr?editors=1000. Web. 2 Jul 2022. ## Slide 349 WebSanity. “Raster vs. Vector”. CodePen, 2 July 2022, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/OJQdmdr?editors=1000. Web. 2 Jul 2022. ## Slide 350 WebSanity. “Raster vs. Vector”. CodePen, 2 July 2022, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/OJQdmdr?editors=1000. Web. 2 Jul 2022. ## Slide 352 Adobe Photoshop: https://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop.html Microsoft Paint: https://apps.microsoft.com/store/detail/paint/9PCFS5B6T72H?hl=en-us&gl=US “Paint.NET - Free Software for Digital Photo Editing”. Paint.NET, 19 Feb 2023, https://getpaint.net/. Web. 21 Feb 2023. Mueller, Gus. “Acorn 7 | Full Featured Photo Editor for the Mac”. Flying Meat, 2023, https://flyingmeat.com/acorn/. Web. 21 Feb 2023. “Pixelmator Pro”. Pixelmator, 21 Dec 2022, https://www.pixelmator.com/pro/. Web. 21 Feb 2023. “Affinity Photo – award-winning photo editing software”. Serif, https://affinity.serif.com/en-us/photo/. Web. 2 Mar 2022. ## Slide 354 Wikipedia contributors. “Vector graphics”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 26 June 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_graphics. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 356 WebSanity. “HTML - SVG example”. CodePen, 7 June 2015, http://codepen.io/websanity/pen/xGdLxJ?editors=100. Web. 4 Apr 2022. ## Slide 357 WebSanity. “SVG Yin Yang”. CodePen, 15 Jan. 2021, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/poEqPNN?editors=1000. Web. 4 Apr 2022. ## Slide 358 WebSanity. “HSL Color Wheel: Tones”. CodePen, 23 July 2020, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/QWNMRq?editors=1000. Web. 19 Feb 2022. ## Slide 359 WebSanity. “HSL Color Wheel: Tones”. CodePen, 23 July 2020, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/QWNMRq?editors=1000. Web. 19 Feb 2022. ## Slide 360 WebSanity. “Raster vs. Vector”. CodePen, 2 July 2022, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/OJQdmdr?editors=1000. Web. 2 Jul 2022. ## Slide 361 WebSanity. “Raster vs. Vector”. CodePen, 2 July 2022, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/OJQdmdr?editors=1000. Web. 2 Jul 2022. ## Slide 362 WebSanity. “Raster vs. Vector”. CodePen, 2 July 2022, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/OJQdmdr?editors=1000. Web. 2 Jul 2022. ## Slide 363 Tonchino. “File:Vector-based example.svg”. Wikipedia, 11 Jan. 2013, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vector-based_example.svg. Web. 4 Apr 2022. ## Slide 364 Tonchino. “File:Vector-based example.svg”. Wikipedia, 11 Jan. 2013, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vector-based_example.svg. Web. 4 Apr 2022. ## Slide 365 Tonchino. “File:Vector-based example.svg”. Wikipedia, 11 Jan. 2013, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vector-based_example.svg. Web. 4 Apr 2022. ## Slide 366 Tonchino. “File:Vector-based example.svg”. Wikipedia, 11 Jan. 2013, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vector-based_example.svg. Web. 4 Apr 2022. ## Slide 369 “Industry-leading vector graphics software | Adobe Illustrator”. Adobe, 20 Feb 2023, https://www.adobe.com/products/illustrator.html. Web. 23 Feb 2023. duarte.framos et al. “Draw Freely”. Inkscape, https://inkscape.org/. Web. 23 Feb 2023. “Graphic Design, Illustration and Technical Software”. CorelDRAW, https://www.coreldraw.com/en/. Web. 23 Feb 2023. “The Most Intuitive and Precise Illustration Software in the Galaxy”. Vectornator, https://www.vectornator.io/. Web. 23 Feb 2023. “Affinity Designer: award-winning graphic design software”. Serif, https://affinity.serif.com/en-us/designer/. Web. 23 Feb 2023. “Pixelmator Pro”. Pixelmator, 21 Dec 2022, https://www.pixelmator.com/pro/. Web. 21 Feb 2023. Foksa, Jarosław. “Boxy SVG Editor”. Boxy SVG, https://boxy-svg.com/. Web. 23 Feb 2023. ## Slide 370 WHATWG. “4.8.3 The img element”. HTML Living Standard, 4 Apr. 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/embedded-content.html#the-img-element. Web. 3 Apr 2022. MDN contributors. “: The Image Embed element”. MDN Web Docs, 29 Mar. 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/img. Web. 3 Apr 2022. ## Slide 372 If you are not using responsive design, & you do not specify a width & height (either using these attributes or in CSS), then your webpage will reflow the content as images load, which doesn’t look great & can be disconcerting for the user WHATWG. “4.8.3 The img element”. HTML Living Standard, 4 Apr. 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/embedded-content.html#the-img-element. Web. 3 Apr 2022. MDN contributors. “: The Image Embed element”. MDN Web Docs, 29 Mar. 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/img. Web. 3 Apr 2022. ## Slide 373 WHATWG. “4.8.4.4 Requirements for providing text to act as an alternative for images”. HTML Living Standard, 4 Apr. 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/images.html#alt. Web. 4 Apr 2022. WHATWG. “4.8.3 The img element”. HTML Living Standard, 4 Apr. 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/embedded-content.html#the-img-element. Web. 3 Apr 2022. MDN contributors. “: The Image Embed element”. MDN Web Docs, 29 Mar. 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/img. Web. 3 Apr 2022. ## Slide 374 WebSanity. “img element: Leave out value for alt”. CodePen, 27 Feb 2023, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/LYJxYGW?editors=1100. Web. 27 Feb 2023. ## Slide 377 WebSanity. “HTML: img element”. CodePen, 30 Apr. 2014, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/poEJqZ?editors=1000. Web. 4 Apr 2022. Often, but not always, goes inside an element that can hold embedded content, e.g.,

          ## Slide 378 WHATWG. “4.8.3 The img element”. HTML Living Standard, 4 Apr. 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/embedded-content.html#the-img-element. Web. 3 Apr 2022. MDN contributors. “: The Image Embed element”. MDN Web Docs, 29 Mar. 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/img. Web. 3 Apr 2022. ## Slide 380 WebSanity. “HTML: img with srcset attribute”. CodePen, 7 Dec. 2021, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/gOGPNwa?editors=1000. Web. 7 Dec. 2021. ## Slide 383 srcset & sizes: Deveria, Alexis [@Fyrd]. “Srcset and sizes attributes”. Can I use…, 4 Apr 2022, https://caniuse.com/srcset. Web. 4 Apr 2022. GoogleChrome. “Feature: ”. Chrome Platform Status, 9 Nov. 2020, https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/4644337115725824. Web. 4 Apr 2022. ## Slide 387 Unsplash Team. “Beautiful Free Images & Pictures | Unsplash”. Unsplash, 29 June 2020, https://unsplash.com. Web. 29 June 2020. ## Slide 388 Potschien, Denis. “Unsplash.it: Use Placeholder Photos From Unsplash.com”. Jotform, 19 Aug 2020, https://www.jotform.com/blog/unsplash-it-use-placeholder-photos-from-unsplash-com-93599/. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 389 Potschien, Denis. “Unsplash.it: Use Placeholder Photos From Unsplash.com”. Jotform, 19 Aug 2020, https://www.jotform.com/blog/unsplash-it-use-placeholder-photos-from-unsplash-com-93599/. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 390 WebSanity. “HTML: Placeholder images with Unsplash”. CodePen, 5 July 2022, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/ExEVEMo?editors=1000. Web. 5 Jul 2022. ## Slide 391 Heimlich, Russell. “Dynamic Dummy Image Generator”. Dynamic Dummy Image Generator, 19 Nov 2021, https://dummyimage.com. Web. 5 Jul 2022. ## Slide 392 Heimlich, Russell. “Dynamic Dummy Image Generator”. Dynamic Dummy Image Generator, 19 Nov 2021, https://dummyimage.com. Web. 5 Jul 2022. ## Slide 393 Wang, Phillip. This Person Does Not Exist, https://thispersondoesnotexist.com. Web. 17 Sept. 2020. ## Slide 394 Wang, Phillip. This Person Does Not Exist, https://thispersondoesnotexist.com. Web. 17 Sept. 2020. ## Slide 395 Wang, Phillip. This Person Does Not Exist, https://thispersondoesnotexist.com. Web. 17 Sept. 2020. ## Slide 396 Wang, Phillip. This Person Does Not Exist, https://thispersondoesnotexist.com. Web. 17 Sept. 2020. ## Slide 397 Wang, Phillip. This Person Does Not Exist, https://thispersondoesnotexist.com. Web. 17 Sept. 2020. ## Slide 398 Wang, Phillip. This Person Does Not Exist, https://thispersondoesnotexist.com. Web. 17 Sept. 2020. ## Slide 400 Wang, Phillip. This Person Does Not Exist, https://thispersondoesnotexist.com. Web. 17 Sept. 2020. ## Slide 401 Wang, Phillip. This Person Does Not Exist, https://thispersondoesnotexist.com. Web. 17 Sept. 2020. ## Slide 402 60%: LePage, Pete. “Images”. Google Developers, 27 October 2020, https://web.archive.org/web/20211202102738/https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/design-and-ux/responsive/images. Web. 3 December 2021. ## Slide 404 Wikipedia contributors. “GIF”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 6 December 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GIF&oldid=1058928240. Web. 7 December 2021. “Baby Run Omg GIF”. Tenor, 6 May 2017, https://tenor.com/view/baby-run-omg-oops-gif-8508999. Web. 10 Nov. 2021. ## Slide 405 Wikipedia contributors. “JPEG”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 28 November 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JPEG&oldid=1057572559. Web. 7 December 2021. ## Slide 406 Wikipedia contributors. “Portable Network Graphics”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 1 December 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portable_Network_Graphics&oldid=1058174006. Web. 7 December 2021. ## Slide 407 Wikipedia contributors. “Scalable Vector Graphics”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scalable_Vector_Graphics&oldid=1058807617, 5 December 2021. Web. 7 December 2021. ## Slide 408 MDN contributors. “Image file type and format guide”. MDN Web Docs, 17 Mar. 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Media/Formats/Image_types. Web. 4 Apr 2022. ## Slide 409 FIXME: add pages listing apps that support each format ## Slide 410 Google. “An image format for the Web”. Google Developers, 16 August 2021, https://web.archive.org/web/20211203115942/https://developers.google.com/speed/webp. Web. 5 December 2021. Wikipedia contributors. “WebP.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 19 November 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WebP&oldid=1056059303. Web. 3 December 2021. Deveria, Alexis. “WebP image format”. Can I use..., 26 Mar 2021, https://caniuse.com/webp. Web. 27 Mar 2023. ## Slide 411 Google. “An image format for the Web”. Google Developers, 16 August 2021, https://web.archive.org/web/20211203115942/https://developers.google.com/speed/webp. Web. 5 December 2021. Wikipedia contributors. “WebP.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 19 November 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WebP&oldid=1056059303. Web. 3 December 2021. ## Slide 412 Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong’s Ella and Louis (1956). See: Wikipedia contributors. “Ella and Louis”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ella_and_Louis&oldid=1061221899, 20 Dec. 2021. Web. 4 Apr. 2022. Radiohead’s OK Computer (1997). See: Wikipedia contributors. “OK Computer”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OK_Computer&oldid=1080957748, 4 Apr. 2022. Web. 4 Apr. 2022. Frank Sinatra’s Come Fly With Me (1958). See: Wikipedia contributors. “Come Fly with Me (Frank Sinatra album)”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Come_Fly_with_Me_(Frank_Sinatra_album)&oldid=1050650635, 19 Oct. 2021. Web. 4 Apr. 2022. ## Slide 413 Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong’s Ella and Louis (1956). See: Wikipedia contributors. “Ella and Louis”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 20 Dec. 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ella_and_Louis&oldid=1061221899. Web. 4 Apr. 2022. Radiohead’s OK Computer (1997). See: Wikipedia contributors. “OK Computer”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 4 Apr. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OK_Computer&oldid=1080957748. Web. 4 Apr. 2022. Frank Sinatra’s Come Fly With Me (1958). See: Wikipedia contributors. “Come Fly with Me (Frank Sinatra album)”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 19 Oct. 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Come_Fly_with_Me_(Frank_Sinatra_album)&oldid=1050650635. Web. 4 Apr. 2022. ## Slide 414 M. C. Escher’s Drawing Hands (1948). See: Wikipedia contributors. “Drawing Hands”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 22 Feb. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drawing_Hands&oldid=1073475238. Web. 4 Apr. 2022. Hokusai’s The Great Wave Off Kanagawa (1831). See: Wikipedia contributors. “The Great Wave off Kanagawa”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 20 Mar. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa&oldid=1078318929. Web. 4 Apr. 2022. Georges Seurat’s A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1884). See: Wikipedia contributors. “A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 27 Feb. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A_Sunday_Afternoon_on_the_Island_of_La_Grande_Jatte&oldid=1074227011. Web. 4 Apr. 2022. ## Slide 415 M. C. Escher’s Drawing Hands (1948). See: Wikipedia contributors. “Drawing Hands”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 22 Feb. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drawing_Hands&oldid=1073475238. Web. 4 Apr. 2022. Hokusai’s The Great Wave Off Kanagawa (1831). See: Wikipedia contributors. “The Great Wave off Kanagawa”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 20 Mar. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa&oldid=1078318929. Web. 4 Apr. 2022. Georges Seurat’s A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1884). See: Wikipedia contributors. “A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 27 Feb. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A_Sunday_Afternoon_on_the_Island_of_La_Grande_Jatte&oldid=1074227011. Web. 4 Apr. 2022. ## Slide 416 NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Webb ERO Production Team. “Tarantula Nebula (NIRCam Image)”. Webb Space Telescope, 6 Sep 2022, https://webbtelescope.org/contents/media/images/2022/041/01GA76MYFN0FMKNRHGCAGGYCVQ?news=true. Web. 6 Sep 2022. Public domain. ## Slide 418 Wikipedia contributors. “WebP.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 19 November 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WebP&oldid=1056059303. Web. 3 December 2021. Google. “WebP 2”. Google Git, 29 November 2021, https://chromium.googlesource.com/codecs/libwebp2/. Web. 5 December 2021. ## Slide 419 Google. “WebPShop”. Google Developers, 16 August 2021, https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/webpshop. Web. 6 December 2021. “Work with WebP files in Photoshop”. Adobe Support, 15 Nov 2022, https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/kb/support-webp-image-format.html. Web. 25 Jan 2023. ## Slide 420 WebM Project. “WebPShop”. GitHub, 26 November 2021, https://github.com/webmproject/WebPShop. Web. 6 December 2021. ## Slide 421 FIXME ## Slide 422 Wikipedia contributors. “AVIF”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 27 November 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AVIF&oldid=1057338374. Web. 7 December 2021. Archibald, Jake. “AVIF has landed”. Jake Archibald, 8 September 2020, https://jakearchibald.com/2020/avif-has-landed/. Web. 6 December 2021. ## Slide 423 Wikipedia contributors. “AVIF”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 27 November 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AVIF&oldid=1057338374. Web. 7 December 2021. ## Slide 424 Wikipedia contributors. “JPEG XL”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 3 December 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JPEG_XL&oldid=1058484706. Web. 7 December 2021. Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) committee. “Overview of JPEG XL”. JPEG, https://jpeg.org/jpegxl/. Web. 9 Feb 2022. ## Slide 425 Deveria, Alexis [@Fyrd]. “JPEG XL image format”. Can I use…, 29 Nov 2022, https://caniuse.com/jpegxl. Web. 30 Nov 2022. ## Slide 426 Wikipedia contributors. “JPEG XL”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 3 December 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JPEG_XL&oldid=1058484706. Web. 7 December 2021. Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) committee. “Overview of JPEG XL”. JPEG, https://jpeg.org/jpegxl/. Web. 9 Feb 2022. ## Slide 427 dah…@chromium.org. “Comment 84”, from “Issue 1178058: JPEG XL decoding support (image/jxl) in blink (tracking bug)”. Chromium Bugs, 30 Oct 2022, https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=1178058#c84. Web. 30 Nov 2022. ## Slide 428 Wikipedia contributors. “JPEG XL”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 31 Jan. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JPEG_XL&oldid=1069103728. Web. 9 Feb. 2022. ## Slide 429 WebP: Deveria, Alexis [@Fyrd]. “WebP image format”. Can I use…, 6 Feb. 2022, https://caniuse.com/webp. Web. 9 Feb 2022. AVIF Deveria, Alexis [@Fyrd]. “AVIF image format”. Can I use…, 15 July 2022, https://caniuse.com/avif. Web. 16 July 2022. “Chrome 85: Upload Streaming, Human Interface Devices, Custom Properties with Inheritance and More”. Chromium Blog, 23 July 2020, https://blog.chromium.org/2020/07/chrome-85-upload-streaming-human.html. Web. 2 December 2021. JPEG XL Deveria, Alexis [@Fyrd]. “JPEG XL image format”. Can I use…, 29 Nov 2022, https://caniuse.com/jpegxl. Web. 30 Nov 2022. dah…@chromium.org. “Comment 84”, from “Issue 1178058: JPEG XL decoding support (image/jxl) in blink (tracking bug)”. Chromium Bugs, 30 Oct 2022, https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=1178058#c84. Web. 30 Nov 2022. ## Slide 431 GoogleChromeLabs. “Squoosh”. Squoosh, https://squoosh.app. Web. 6 Dec. 2021. GoogleChromeLabs. “squoosh”. GitHub, 20 October 2021, https://github.com/GoogleChromeLabs/squoosh. Web. 6 December 2021. ## Slide 432 GoogleChromeLabs. “Squoosh”. Squoosh, https://squoosh.app/editor. Web. 6 Dec. 2021. ## Slide 433 GoogleChromeLabs. “Squoosh”. Squoosh, https://squoosh.app/editor. Web. 6 Dec. 2021. ## Slide 434 GoogleChromeLabs. “Squoosh”. Squoosh, https://squoosh.app/editor. Web. 6 Dec. 2021. ## Slide 435 GoogleChromeLabs. “Squoosh”. Squoosh, https://squoosh.app/editor. Web. 6 Dec. 2021. ## Slide 438 Mondello, Francesco. “Converseen - A Free Batch Image Converter and More”. FasterLand, 14 Sep 2022, https://converseen.fasterland.net/. Web. 05 Dec 2022. ## Slide 447 Monroe, Charlie. “Permute - Media Converter for macOS”. Charlie Monroe Software, 18 Nov 2022, https://software.charliemonroe.net/permute/. Web. 05 Dec 2022. ## Slide 462 Realmac Software Limited. “Powerful Batch Photo Editor for Mac - Squash”. Realmac, 21 Nov 2022, https://www.realmacsoftware.com/squash/. Web. 05 Dec 2022. ## Slide 467 MDN contributors. “”. MDN Web Docs, 6 Feb. 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG/Element/svg. Web. 19 Feb 2022. ## Slide 468 MDN contributors. “”. MDN Web Docs, 6 Feb. 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG/Element/svg. Web. 19 Feb 2022. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). “SCALABLE VECTOR GRAPHICS (SVG)“. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), 2016, https://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 469 WebSanity. “SVG Image Map”. CodePen, 28 June 2020, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/VwezRqz?editors=1000. Web. 28 June 2020. ## Slide 470 MDN contributors. “”. MDN Web Docs, 6 Feb. 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG/Element/svg. Web. 19 Feb 2022. ## Slide 471 WebSanity. “SVG: Linked image”. CodePen, 11 Mar. 2022, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/MWrgZJy?editors=1000. Web. 11 Mar 2022. ## Slide 472 MDN contributors. “”. MDN Web Docs, 6 Feb. 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG/Element/svg. Web. 19 Feb 2022. ## Slide 473 WebSanity. “SVG: Inline image”. CodePen, 11 Mar. 2022, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/zYpOyBN?editors=1100. Web. 11 Mar 2022. ## Slide 474 WebSanity. “SVG: Inline image”. CodePen, 11 Mar. 2022, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/zYpOyBN?editors=1100. Web. 11 Mar 2022. ## Slide 475 “Cthulhu symbol”. Free SVG, 19 Feb 2019, https://freesvg.org/cthulhu-symbol. Web. 25 Feb 2023. Public domain. Modified to match the linked version & to remove unnecessary code. ## Slide 477 Archibald, Jake. “SVGOMG - SVGO’s Missing GUI”. SVGOMG, 25 Nov. 2021, https://jakearchibald.github.io/svgomg/. Web. 11 Mar. 2022. ## Slide 478 Archibald, Jake. “SVGOMG - SVGO’s Missing GUI”. SVGOMG, 25 Nov. 2021, https://jakearchibald.github.io/svgomg/. Web. 11 Mar. 2022. ## Slide 479 Archibald, Jake. “SVGOMG - SVGO’s Missing GUI”. SVGOMG, 25 Nov. 2021, https://jakearchibald.github.io/svgomg/. Web. 11 Mar. 2022. ## Slide 480 Archibald, Jake. “SVGOMG - SVGO’s Missing GUI”. SVGOMG, 25 Nov. 2021, https://jakearchibald.github.io/svgomg/. Web. 11 Mar. 2022. ## Slide 481 Archibald, Jake. “SVGOMG - SVGO’s Missing GUI”. SVGOMG, 25 Nov. 2021, https://jakearchibald.github.io/svgomg/. Web. 11 Mar. 2022. ## Slide 482 Archibald, Jake. “SVGOMG - SVGO’s Missing GUI”. SVGOMG, 25 Nov. 2021, https://jakearchibald.github.io/svgomg/. Web. 11 Mar. 2022. ## Slide 483 Archibald, Jake. “SVGOMG - SVGO’s Missing GUI”. SVGOMG, 25 Nov. 2021, https://jakearchibald.github.io/svgomg/. Web. 11 Mar. 2022. ## Slide 484 Archibald, Jake. “SVGOMG - SVGO’s Missing GUI”. SVGOMG, 25 Nov. 2021, https://jakearchibald.github.io/svgomg/. Web. 11 Mar. 2022. ## Slide 485 Archibald, Jake. “SVGOMG - SVGO’s Missing GUI”. SVGOMG, 25 Nov. 2021, https://jakearchibald.github.io/svgomg/. Web. 11 Mar. 2022. ## Slide 486 Archibald, Jake. “SVGOMG - SVGO’s Missing GUI”. SVGOMG, 25 Nov. 2021, https://jakearchibald.github.io/svgomg/. Web. 11 Mar. 2022. ## Slide 487 Archibald, Jake. “SVGOMG - SVGO’s Missing GUI”. SVGOMG, 25 Nov. 2021, https://jakearchibald.github.io/svgomg/. Web. 11 Mar. 2022. ## Slide 488 Archibald, Jake. “SVGOMG - SVGO’s Missing GUI”. SVGOMG, 25 Nov. 2021, https://jakearchibald.github.io/svgomg/. Web. 11 Mar. 2022. ## Slide 489 Archibald, Jake. “SVGOMG - SVGO’s Missing GUI”. SVGOMG, 25 Nov. 2021, https://jakearchibald.github.io/svgomg/. Web. 11 Mar. 2022. ## Slide 490 Archibald, Jake. “SVGOMG - SVGO’s Missing GUI”. SVGOMG, 25 Nov. 2021, https://jakearchibald.github.io/svgomg/. Web. 11 Mar. 2022. ## Slide 491 Archibald, Jake. “SVGOMG - SVGO’s Missing GUI”. SVGOMG, 25 Nov. 2021, https://jakearchibald.github.io/svgomg/. Web. 11 Mar. 2022. ## Slide 492 Archibald, Jake. “SVGOMG - SVGO’s Missing GUI”. SVGOMG, 25 Nov. 2021, https://jakearchibald.github.io/svgomg/. Web. 11 Mar. 2022. ## Slide 493 Archibald, Jake. “SVGOMG - SVGO’s Missing GUI”. SVGOMG, 25 Nov. 2021, https://jakearchibald.github.io/svgomg/. Web. 11 Mar. 2022. ## Slide 494 Archibald, Jake. “SVGOMG - SVGO’s Missing GUI”. SVGOMG, 25 Nov. 2021, https://jakearchibald.github.io/svgomg/. Web. 11 Mar. 2022. ## Slide 495 TODO: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/webkit/delivering_video_content_for_safari WHATWG. “4.8.9 The video element”. HTML Living Standard, 4 Apr 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/media.html#the-video-element. Web. 4 Apr 2022. MDN contributors. “: The Document Body element”. MDN Web Docs, 21 Apr 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/body. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 715 WHATWG. “4.3.8 The header element”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/sections.html#the-header-element. Web. 8 July 2022. MDN contributors. “

          ”. MDN Web Docs, 17 May 2022, https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/header. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 716 WHATWG. “4.3.8 The header element”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/sections.html#the-header-element. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 717 WHATWG. “4.3.8 The header element”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/sections.html#the-header-element. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 718 WebSanity. “HTML: header element”. CodePen, 7 Dec 2018, https://codepen.io/websanity/pen/PoGyzq?editors=1000. Web. 8 July 2022. ## Slide 719 WHATWG. “4.3.9 The footer element”. HTML Living Standard, 8 July 2022, https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/sections.html#the-footer-element. Web. 8 July 2022. MDN contributors. “